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All Journal International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Khazanah Hukum
Sivakumar, S.
Unknown Affiliation
Religion Humanities Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Switching loss and temperature analysis of MPWM controller for solar PV inverter Panneerselvam, Sivaraj; Kandasamy, Karunanithi; Sivakumar, S.; Prasanna, N. Vignesh; Hushein, R.
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 15, No 4: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i4.pp2545-2552

Abstract

Despite the fact that temperature affects how much power is produced by solar panels, a temperature that exceeds a certain threshold results in a reduction in output. Additionally, there are losses when switching is controlled in inverters using different control approaches like pulse width modulation (PWM), sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), and multiple pulse width modulation (MPWM). The type of control method and temperature have an impact on these losses. Here, the MPWM approach is used to analyze it at various temperatures. A metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor or MOSFET-based and an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based inverter are also planned. Their switching losses at various temperatures are contrasted. For a range of temperature values, the IGBT-equipped inverter is discovered to be a low-loss inverter. Compared to an IGBT inverter, the MOSFET inverter has a comparatively higher loss.
Reformulating Indonesia’s Consumer Protection Law in the AI-Driven Digital Economy: A Gap Analysis and Regulatory Roadmap Poernomo, Sri Lestari; Husen, La Ode; Sivakumar, S.; Aulia, Nur Afti; Muzakkir, Abd. Kahar
Khazanah Hukum Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Khazanah Hukum
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/kh.v8i1.51594

Abstract

The exponential growth of the AI-driven digital economy in Indonesia has triggered a systemic regulatory failure, evidenced by a 275% surge in consumer disputes due to the inability of positive law to address algorithmic risks. This research aims to reformulate Indonesia’s consumer protection legal architecture to resolve the structural obsolescence of Law Number 8 of 1999 and sectoral regulatory fragmentation. Employing a normative-juridical method integrated with a comparative analysis of the EU Digital Services Act and the EU AI Act, this study diagnoses the inadequacy of the fault-based liability regime in addressing algorithmic opacity. The findings indicate that consumer protection against systemic risks demands a paradigm shift from ex post redress to ex ante risk governance. As a concrete solution, this study constructs an adaptive legal model grounded in the Precautionary Principle, encompassing four main regulatory pillars: mandatory AIA, platform observability, tiered liability with presumption of causality, and digital rights codification. The primary originality of this research lies in the formulation of an implementation roadmap based on the Triple Helix model, which operationalizes these norms through concrete collaborative stages, ranging from establishing a regulatory sandbox to founding an independent digital supervisory authority. These policy implications provide a strategic blueprint for policymakers to transform the legal system into the foundation of a fair, trustworthy, and sustainable digital ecosystem.
Co-Authors Aulia, Nur Afti Husen, La Ode Hushein, R. Kandasamy, Karunanithi Muzakkir, Abd. Kahar Panneerselvam, Sivaraj Prasanna, N. Vignesh Sri Lestari Poernomo