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Sister City Surabaya - Liverpool: Tinjauan Yuridis Berdasarkan Perspektif Hukum Indonesia dan Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) 1969 Sagala, Kaleb Anggi Three Putra; Nababan, Roida; Simamora, Sovia; Sagala, Christo Sumurung Tua
INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL ON LAW, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/idj.v5i2.52294

Abstract

This research aims to examine more deeply the authority of local governments in conducting parallel diplomacy. By using a descriptive qualitative approach. The purpose of this research is to find out that Liverpool and Surabaya's cooperation in the creative industry has resulted in useful projects. Educational cooperation, urban cooperation, and port management development are some of the activities that have been implemented in the sister city agreement. The results showed that the application of pacta sunt servanda in the MOU is going well, because it has experienced many significant developments such as developments in the MSME business and the opportunity to introduce Surabaya products to the city of Liverpool. Able to encourage other local governments to carry out international agreements to build and develop a region. This cooperation is very important as an alternative to increasing income and supporting technological backwardness in the region.Keywords: Sister City, Cooperation, Pacta Sunt Servanda, International Agreement.
SUPERVISION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPRESENTATIVE COUNCIL OVER THE PRESIDENT'S POLICY IN DECLARING A STATE OF EMERGENCY: PENGAWASAN DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN PRESIDEN DALAM PENETAPAN STATUS DARURAT NEGARA Sagala, Kaleb Anggi Three Putra; Siallagan, Haposan; Sihotang, Januari
Constitutional Law Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Pusat Studi Konstitusi dan Perundang-undangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36448/jcls.v5i1.155

Abstract

This research is motivated by the increasing use of emergency powers by the President in responding to national crises which has the potential to expand executive power and impact the protection of citizens' rights. This research aims to analyze the regulation and effectiveness of the DPR RI's supervision of the President's policy in determining state emergency status based on Article 12 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The method used is normative juridical research with a qualitative descriptive analytical approach through literature study and analysis of statutory regulations. The research results show that normatively the DPR RI's oversight mechanism has been regulated through legislative, budget and oversight functions, including approval of Government Regulations in Lieu of Laws. However, empirically, this supervision still tends to be formal and does not fully guarantee accountability and protection of citizens' rights. Therefore, the DPR RI's supervisory function needs to be strengthened so that the principles of the supremacy of law and constitutional democracy are maintained in emergency conditions.