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All Journal Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry
Azzahra, Vina Octavia
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Screening of Aroma Compounds in Commercial Tea (Camellia sinensis) from Indonesia and Testing Their Activity as Antioxidants Warsito, Warsito; Alief, M. Fadel; Azzahra, Vina Octavia; Rahman, M. Farid; Retnowati, Rurini
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

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Abstract

Tea from tea leaves of the Camellia sinensis species is a superior industrial plant that promises superior bioactivity. For a more in-depth study of the essential oils contained in commercial teas on the market, their significant characteristic from their constituent compounds were determined. The essential oil yields of the three commercial samples were obtained by distillation using a Liken-Nickerson vessel and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), then tested for antioxidant properties by the DPPH method. The yield obtained ranged from 0.08-0.13%. The main major components (more than 0.5% identified) contained in the three samples identified were benzyl acetate, between 4,56-26.27%, and linalool compounds from tea leaves, as much as 20.59%, and 3.42% in samples C and B which were not found in sample A. As shown by our results, antioxidant activity significantly correlated with benzyl acetate and linalool composition. Sample A showed the best antioxidant profile, with highest inhibition (IC50 20.19 mg/mL).
COMPARATIVE GC–MS CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF Citrus hystrix DC. ESSENTIAL OILS FROM DIFFERENT PLANT PARTS Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri; Warsito, Warsito; Azzahra, Vina Octavia; Wardana, Dian; Fahmi, Jam’an; Safitri, Wulan Dwi
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v8i2.28063

Abstract

Essential oils from Citrus hystrix DC. are known for their rich bioactive composition, particularly citronellal, which has extensive applications in the fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. However, comparative studies on the chemical and physicochemical properties of oils extracted from different plant parts remain limited. This study investigated essential oils obtained by steam distillation from leaves (LEO), twigs (TEO), and a leaf–twig mixture (LTMEO). The oils were characterized using GC–MS and FTIR analyses, alongside measurements of density, refractive index, and yield. LTMEO yielded a yellow, aromatic oil with a density of 0.856 g/mL, a refractive index of 1.439, and a yield of 0.60%, consistent with the quality requirements of SNI 9231:2023. GC–MS profiling identified citronellal as the dominant compound, with concentrations of 83.88% in LEO, 69.88% in LTMEO, and 46.47% in TEO. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of aldehyde functional groups, consistent with the high citronellal content. Minor constituents such as linalool (5.24–8.91%), isopulegol (0.47–2.95%), β-citronellol (2.03–12.22%), and citronellyl acetate (4.28–6.48%) were also detected, potentially affecting citronellal isolation. Overall, the findings highlight C. hystrix DC. leaves as the most promising source of citronellal for industrial applications.
Effect of Solvent Polarity on Extraction Yield, Phytochemical Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. and Moringa oleifera Lam. Azzahra, Vina Octavia; Mardiana, St; Suharyadi, Suharyadi; Sianipar, Rini Juita; Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.%p

Abstract

The present study investigated the effect of solvent polarity on extraction yield, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizomes and Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves. Maceration was carried out using ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane for 72 hours (1:10 w/v). Extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH radical scavenging activity were determined. Results demonstrated a clear polarity-dependent trend. Ethanol yielded the highest extract recovery for both species (17.55 ± 0.97% and 22.93 ± 0.65%), while n-hexane showed the lowest yield. Ethanol extracts exhibited the greatest TPC and TFC values, 47.12 mg GAE/g and 6.76 mg QE/g for C. xanthorrhiza, and 25.91 mg GAE/g and 4.67 mg QE/g for M. oleifera, respectively. Correspondingly, ethanol fractions displayed the strongest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 22.70 and 29.80 mg/mL, indicating an inverse correlation between phenolic load and radical scavenging capacity. The study confirms that solvent polarity is a critical determinant of phytochemical recovery and antioxidant potency. The novelty of this work lies in the first comparative evaluation of C. xanthorrhiza and M. oleifera extracted under identical solvent systems, providing a rational framework for solvent selection in phytopharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Further work should isolate and characterize the active antioxidant constituents from the most potent extracts.
Co-Authors Alief, M. Fadel Edi Suharyadi Fahmi, Jam’an M. Farid Rahman Mardiana, St Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri Rurini Retnowati Safitri, Wulan Dwi Sianipar, Rini Juita Wardana, Dian Warsito Warsito