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Screening of Aroma Compounds in Commercial Tea (Camellia sinensis) from Indonesia and Testing Their Activity as Antioxidants Warsito, Warsito; Alief, M. Fadel; Azzahra, Vina Octavia; Rahman, M. Farid; Retnowati, Rurini
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

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Abstract

Tea from tea leaves of the Camellia sinensis species is a superior industrial plant that promises superior bioactivity. For a more in-depth study of the essential oils contained in commercial teas on the market, their significant characteristic from their constituent compounds were determined. The essential oil yields of the three commercial samples were obtained by distillation using a Liken-Nickerson vessel and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), then tested for antioxidant properties by the DPPH method. The yield obtained ranged from 0.08-0.13%. The main major components (more than 0.5% identified) contained in the three samples identified were benzyl acetate, between 4,56-26.27%, and linalool compounds from tea leaves, as much as 20.59%, and 3.42% in samples C and B which were not found in sample A. As shown by our results, antioxidant activity significantly correlated with benzyl acetate and linalool composition. Sample A showed the best antioxidant profile, with highest inhibition (IC50 20.19 mg/mL).
COMPARATIVE GC–MS CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF Citrus hystrix DC. ESSENTIAL OILS FROM DIFFERENT PLANT PARTS Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri; Warsito, Warsito; Azzahra, Vina Octavia; Wardana, Dian; Fahmi, Jam’an; Safitri, Wulan Dwi
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v8i2.28063

Abstract

Essential oils from Citrus hystrix DC. are known for their rich bioactive composition, particularly citronellal, which has extensive applications in the fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. However, comparative studies on the chemical and physicochemical properties of oils extracted from different plant parts remain limited. This study investigated essential oils obtained by steam distillation from leaves (LEO), twigs (TEO), and a leaf–twig mixture (LTMEO). The oils were characterized using GC–MS and FTIR analyses, alongside measurements of density, refractive index, and yield. LTMEO yielded a yellow, aromatic oil with a density of 0.856 g/mL, a refractive index of 1.439, and a yield of 0.60%, consistent with the quality requirements of SNI 9231:2023. GC–MS profiling identified citronellal as the dominant compound, with concentrations of 83.88% in LEO, 69.88% in LTMEO, and 46.47% in TEO. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of aldehyde functional groups, consistent with the high citronellal content. Minor constituents such as linalool (5.24–8.91%), isopulegol (0.47–2.95%), β-citronellol (2.03–12.22%), and citronellyl acetate (4.28–6.48%) were also detected, potentially affecting citronellal isolation. Overall, the findings highlight C. hystrix DC. leaves as the most promising source of citronellal for industrial applications.
Chemical Composition and Quality Parameters of Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) Essential Oil Based on GC–MS and Physicochemical Analysis Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri; Warsito; Silvianti, Risna; Cahayo, Maf'ud; Azzahra, Vina Octavia
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): JANUARY 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v9i1.72493

Abstract

Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) essential oil is widely utilized in the perfume, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, primarily due to its high content of citronellal, geraniol, and citronellol. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and quality parameters of citronella essential oil using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and physicochemical analysis. The oil sample was obtained by steam distillation of fresh leaves and subsequently characterized in terms of specific gravity, refractive index, optical rotation, and flash point, while the chemical composition was determined based on GC–MS chromatogram peak areas. The physicochemical analysis showed a specific gravity of 0.894, refractive index of 1.477, optical rotation of −6.59°, and a flash point above 80 °C, indicating compliance with quality standards for citronella essential oil. GC–MS analysis identified 21 compounds, with trans-geraniol (70.65%), geranyl acetate (7.70%), β-citronellol (3.17%), and citronellal (1.78%) as the major constituents. These findings confirm that steam-distilled citronella essential oil exhibits good quality and a chemical profile that supports its potential for essential oil-based industrial applications.