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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology CHEDS: Journal of Chemistry, Education, and Science
Safitri, Wulan Dwi
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Education Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Electrical Properties of Tropical Fruit Extracts: Effects of EM4 Fermentation and Thermal Processing Safitri, Wulan Dwi; Wardana, Dian; Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri; Fahmi, Jaman; Shallomita, Grace; Putri Ayunicha; Irma Syahputri; Siregar, Nuraini; Ahmad Nasir Pulungan; Moondra Zubir
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): JULY 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v8i2.68720

Abstract

This study examines the electrical properties of fermented pineapple and lime extracts subjected to Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) fermentation and thermal treatment at varying temperatures. The fermentation process was conducted over a period of six days, with temperature conditions set at 30°C and 70°C. The results indicate that the lime extract generated higher voltage and current outputs compared to the pineapple extract, particularly on the sixth day of fermentation. Furthermore, the thermal treatment revealed a more pronounced electrical response in lime extract, as evidenced by a greater increase in current at elevated temperatures. These findings suggest that lime extract, when combined with EM4 fermentation and optimal thermal conditions, exhibits greater potential for application in alternative bioelectric energy generation.
Influence of Citric, Acetic, and Ascorbic Acids on the Solubility of Paracetamol Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri; Wardana, Dian; Fahmi, Jaman; Safitri, Wulan Dwi; Aulia, Amanda; purba, Gracia; Manalu, Anrian Haholongan; Damanik, Angelica; Tambunan, Ida Mariati; Zubir, Moondra; S, Abd Hakim
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): JULY 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v8i2.68730

Abstract

This study examined the influence of citric, acetic, and ascorbic acids on the solubility of paracetamol, an analgesic with inherently low aqueous solubility. Paracetamol tablets were dissolved in different concentrations of organic acid solutions, and dissolution times were visually monitored. The most rapid dissolution occurred in 30% acetic acid solution (190 seconds), followed by the citric–acetic acid mixture. Increasing paracetamol mass extended dissolution time, with saturation reached at 3.5 g. Enhanced solubility was attributed to hydrogen bonding interactions between organic acids and paracetamol molecules. Compared with complex techniques such as solid dispersions or co-amorphous systems, this acid-assisted approach is simple, low-cost, and requires no specialized equipment. These findings highlight the role of weak organic acids as practical solubility enhancers and suggest a promising strategy to improve paracetamol bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness.
Exploring the Redox Reaction Potential of Local Fruits: Galvani Cell Trials Based on Areca nut (Areca catechu), Rimbang (Solanum torvum), and Bangkok starfruit (Averrhoa carambola) Fahmi, Jaman; Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri; Wardana, Dian; Safitri, Wulan Dwi; Mendrofa, Bulan Susanti; Br Nadeak, Stephani Bintang N.; ayumi, Sheilla Maliza; Nasution, Dhea Ananda; Zubir, Moondra; S, Abd Hakim
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): JULY 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v8i2.68731

Abstract

This research aims to explore the potential of three fruits, such as areca nut (Areca catechu), rimbang (Solanum torvum), and star fruit (Averrhoa carambola), as a natural electrolyte source in generating electricity through a simple Galvani cell test. The research method includes making Galvani cells using fruit pieces as electrolyte media, measuring the voltage and current produced, and testing the ability to light an LED as an indicator of electrical output. The measurement results showed that areca nuts produced the highest voltage and current compared to rimbang and star fruit, demonstrating its effectiveness as a natural electrolyte. This finding indicates that local fruits have the potential to be an environmentally friendly electrochemical energy source material that can be applied in education and simple technology. This research opens opportunities for further development in utilizing local biological resources for electrochemical applications.
Sustainable Candle Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Waste Lubricating Oil Wardana, Dian; Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri; Fahmi, Jaman; Safitri, Wulan Dwi; Damanik, Wicha Rosari; Simamora, Astuty Evalina; Sigalingging, Olivia Gina Ananta; Manullang, Okto Panca; Rahmadyani, Zaskia; Zubir, Moondra; S, Abd Hakim
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): JULY 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v8i2.68733

Abstract

This study investigates the potential utilization of waste cooking oil and used lubricant oil as raw materials for candle production. These waste materials, often regarded as environmental pollutants, contain fats and hydrocarbons that can be converted into value-added products. The manufacturing process involved filtration, heating, and the incorporation of additives such as paraffin wax to enhance quality and stability, followed by molding. The resulting candles demonstrated acceptable physical properties, including melting points and burning times comparable to standard requirements. However, noticeable differences in color and odor were observed when compared to commercial candles. Despite these limitations, the valorization of waste cooking oil and used lubricant oil presents an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative, contributing to the development of sustainable products. Further research is recommended to optimize the blending ratios and additive compositions in order to improve the overall performance of the candles
Growth Response of Mung Bean Plants Vigna radiata L. and Spinach Amaranthus hybridus L. Under Acidic and Alkaline Conditions Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri; Wardana, Dian; Fahmi, Jaman; Safitri, Wulan Dwi; Lubis, Ghania Dhia Ulhaq; Nainggolan, Lidya Revalina; Zubir, Moondra; Siregar, Nurdin
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): JULY 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v8i2.70583

Abstract

This study investigates the growth response of mung bean Vigna radiata L. and spinach Amaranthus hybridus L. under controlled acidic neutral and alkaline environments across a wide pH gradient from pH 3 to pH 14. The work provides a comparative assessment of two species with distinct physiological characteristics to clarify how hydrogen ion concentration shapes vegetative development. The novelty of this study lies in its direct evaluation of extreme pH conditions using a uniform experimental design that allows both species to be examined under identical chemical exposure, enabling a clear contrast of tolerance thresholds. Plant height was recorded daily for 13 days to capture early stage vegetative dynamics. Both species exhibited their highest stability near pH 7 while severe deviations from neutrality reduced growth through nutrient imbalance and physiological stress. Mung bean showed moderate tolerance at pH 9.5 whereas spinach displayed enhanced performance within mild alkalinity. Strong acidity and strong alkalinity produced structural damage in both species. The findings highlight the critical role of soil pH in plant performance and provide foundational insight into species specific tolerance ranges that can support more informed management of crops grown in chemically variable environments.
Temperature Influence on Chemical Reaction Rates and Gas Formation Wardana, Dian; Ramadhan , Dwi Sapri; Fahmi, Jaman; Safitri, Wulan Dwi; Everyanti, Ida Cathy; Silalahi, Sarina Septiani; Zubir, Moondra; Siregar, Nurdin
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): JULY 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v8i2.70584

Abstract

Reaction rate is fundamentally defined as the change in the concentration of reactants or products perunit time, and is known to be influenced by several determinants, including surface area, temperature,catalysts, and reactant molarity or concentration. The present study specifically investigates the validityof the widely accepted principle that temperature plays a significant role in modulating reaction rates.Experimental variations were introduced, both in terms of temperature levels and the types of chemicalmixtures employed. The findings confirm that temperature indeed accelerates gas generation across alltested reaction systems. However, in mixtures exhibiting higher viscosity, gas formation proceeds moreslowly due to reduced molecular mobility. Consequently, in the softener–baking soda system, the onsetand progression of gas evolution show noticeable differences compared to less viscous mixtures.
Creative Ice Cream Experiment Using the Freezing Point Depression Principle Safitri, Wulan Dwi; Wardana, Dian; Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri; Fahmi, Jaman; Zubir, Moondra; Siregar, Koriatul Jannah; Purba, Sunita Karin; Siregar, Nurdin
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): JULY 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v8i2.70585

Abstract

This research aims to explore creative approaches in ice cream production by utilizing the effect of freezing point depression. Through these experiments, we employed various additives that influence the physical properties of ice cream, resulting in a final product that is softer, creamier, and able to maintain optimal texture at different temperatures. The experimental method involved varying the types of additives combined with the base ice cream mixture. The measured parameters included freezing point depression, texture, and softness of the produced ice cream. The collected data were analyzed to determine how each additive affected the physicochemical characteristics of the product. The results showed that differences in sugar content among the ingredients significantly influenced the degree of freezing point depression in the ice cream.
Effect of Electrode Type and Current Strength on the Mass of Substance Reduced at the Cathode in the Electrolysis Process Fahmi, Jam'an; Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri; Wardana, Dian; Safitri, Wulan Dwi; Zubir, Moondra; Siregar, Nurdin; Manullang, Riska Greselia; Sagala, Novitri Yolanda; Br Sipahutar, Desy Meriani
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): JULY 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v8i2.70607

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of electrode type and current strength on the mass of hydrogen gas produced at the cathode during the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. A simulation based on Faraday’s law was conducted using three electrode materials—carbon, copper, and zinc—under controlled current settings of 0.10 A, 0.20 A, and 0.30 A for a fixed electrolysis duration of 30 minutes. Current efficiency values were assigned to each electrode to model realistic performance differences, with copper exhibiting the highest efficiency, followed by zinc and carbon. The results show that increasing the current leads to a linear rise in the mass of hydrogen produced for all electrode types, confirming the proportional relationship between electric charge and cathodic reduction predicted by Faraday’s law. Additionally, copper electrodes produced the highest hydrogen yield at all current levels, while carbon generated the lowest, indicating that electrode characteristics influence electrochemical efficiency. Overall, the findings demonstrate that current strength is the dominant factor determining the mass of reduced species at the cathode, whereas electrode material provides a secondary yet significant contribution to electrolysis effectiveness.
Effect of Sugar Addition on the Electric Current Strength of Mixtures with Vinegar, Lime Extract, Coffee, Salt Solution, and 70% Alcohol Wardana, Dian; Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri; Fahmi, Jam'an; Safitri, Wulan Dwi; Siregar, Ida Cathy Everyanti; Silalahi, Sarina Septiani; Zubir, Moondra; Siregar, Nurdin
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): JULY 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v8i2.70611

Abstract

This study aims to examine the electric current strength of sugar mixed with various electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions. The research employed an experimental approach using vinegar, lime extract, coffee solution, salt solution, and 70% alcohol combined with sugar solutions. A battery system and a digital multimeter were utilized to measure the resulting current in each mixture. The findings indicate that increasing the amount of sugar leads to a reduction in current strength, whereas decreasing the sugar content results in a higher current output.
Influence of EM4 Inoculum on Biogas Yield and pH Dynamics in Lettuce and Cabbage Waste Fermentation Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri; Safitri, Wulan Dwi; Wardana, Dian; Fahmi, Jam'an; Zubir, Moondra; Andini, Ayu; Simamora, Elisabeth; Limbong, Julian; Sihotang, Pelita; Husna, Wiki Nadia; Siregar, Nurdin
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): JULY 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ijcst.v8i2.70612

Abstract

Biogas production from vegetable waste offers a practical pathway for reducing organic residues and supporting small-scale renewable energy systems. This study investigates the influence of EM4 inoculum on gas accumulation and pH dynamics during an 8-day batch fermentation of lettuce and cabbage waste. Four reactors were prepared containing 200 g vegetable waste and 200 mL water with or without 30 g EM4. Gas accumulation was quantified by balloon circumference at day 2, day 4, day 6 and day 8 and converted to volume using geometric calculations. Lettuce generated the highest peak volumes with maximum values exceeding 330 cm³ while cabbage produced less than 60 cm³ under comparable conditions. pH trajectories showed that cabbage plus water decreased from pH 7 to pH 6 whereas lettuce plus water increased from pH 7 to pH 8. Reactors containing EM4 stabilised at pH 6 throughout the fermentation indicating inoculum-supported buffering. These results demonstrate that substrate characteristics strongly influence early-stage gas formation and that EM4 moderates pH fluctuations even under uncontrolled ambient conditions. The findings provide initial evidence that lettuce is a more degradable feedstock than cabbage and emphasise pH regulation as a key requirement for improving methane-oriented biogas performance in simple batch systems.
Co-Authors Ahmad Nasir Pulungan Aulia, Amanda Ayu Andini ayumi, Sheilla Maliza Br Nadeak, Stephani Bintang N. Br Napitupuli, Monika Shinta Kasih Br Sebanyang, Resi Mai Linda Etaminta Br Sipahutar, Desy Meriani Damanik, Angelica Damanik, Wicha Rosari Eddiyanto Eddiyanto Everyanti, Ida Cathy Fahmi, Jam'an Fahmi, Jaman Husna, Wiki Nadia Irma Syahputri Limbong, Julian Lubis, Ghania Dhia Ulhaq Lumbantoruan, Sifra H.R Manalu, Anrian Haholongan Manullang, Okto Panca Manullang, Riska Greselia Mendrofa, Bulan Susanti Moondra Zubir Nainggolan, Lidya Revalina Nasution, Dhea Ananda Nurdin Siregar Puandra, Esti Miska purba, Gracia Purba, Sunita Karin Putri Ayunicha Rahmadyani, Zaskia Ramadhan , Dwi Sapri Ramadhan, Dwi Sapri S, Abd Hakim Sagala, Novitri Yolanda Shallomita, Grace Sigalingging, Olivia Gina Ananta Sihotang, Pelita Silalahi, Sarina Septiani Simamora, Astuty Evalina Simamora, Elisabeth Siregar, Ida Cathy Everyanti Siregar, Koriatul Jannah Siregar, Nuraini Tambunan, Ida Mariati Wardana, Dian Zubir, Moondra