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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Habib, Philip
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Tonsillitis in Focus: Clinical Features, Diagnostic Methods, and Evidence-Based Therapy Wardana, Shira Putri; Pardoe, Lalu Dane Pemban; Yolanda, M. Rizky; Yulianti, Arwinda Febri; Habib, Philip
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10090

Abstract

Tonsillitis is an inflammation and infection of the palatine tonsils, typically caused by viral or bacterial pathogens. It commonly affects children aged 5 to 15 years and has a high prevalence rate in Indonesia, with chronic tonsillitis accounting for 3.8% of ENT cases. This literature review aims to explore the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options for acute tonsillitis. The method used in this paper is a literature-based descriptive analysis drawn from national and international medical sources. The main etiological agent is Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, although viruses like Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) also play a significant role. Clinical symptoms include sudden fever, sore throat, odynophagia, halitosis, dysphagia, and swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosis is established through clinical history, physical examination using Brodsky's Tonsil Scale, and confirmatory laboratory tests such as throat swab culture. Management of acute tonsillitis includes both pharmacological interventions, such as amoxicillin or clarithromycin, and non-pharmacological strategies including tonsillectomy for recurrent or chronic cases. The review concludes that proper diagnosis and evidence-based treatment are essential to prevent complications and recurrence. Furthermore, public education on personal hygiene and infection control can significantly reduce transmission. This study underscores the importance of comprehensive clinical evaluation and rational antibiotic use in managing acute tonsillitis, particularly in areas with high disease prevalence.  
Literature Study: Primary Immunodeficiency Rahmadinna, Sandia Anggun; Yuar, Alana Akmal; Musyafa, Aulia Putri; Hardiant, Excell Defry; Putri, Baiq Ghefira Rojwani; Muliana, Atriska Citra; Salsabila, Septy Rianty Putri; Ningrum, Sania Tresna; Narendra, Ahmad Wahyu; Ramadhania, Yasmine Najla; Habib, Philip
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10168

Abstract

Abnormalities in immune system development and function result in increased susceptibility to infection and reactivation of latent infections. Other immunodeficiencies can result in mild infections and may first be detected in adulthood. This literature review aims to discuss primary immunodeficiencies, including their definition, causes, treatment, and examples of the diseases they cause. This literature review was compiled through a literature search method by reviewing various scientific journals obtained from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The results Primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) results from immune system defects caused by mutations in the genetic code that codes for components of the body's immune system. PID is broadly classified as either a disorder of adaptive immunity (T-cell, B-cell, or combined immune deficiencies) or innate immunity (phagocyte and complement deficiencies). Patients with PID may experience a variety of lung problems, including recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, lung parenchymal abnormalities, asthma, ventilation abnormalities, and bronchiectasis (BE). In conclusion, primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) refers to a large, heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormalities in the development and/or function of the immune system. These conditions result from immune system defects caused by mutations in the genetic code that codes for components of the body's immune system.
Diagnostic Problem in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Ana Test and Other Immunologic Test Mahayasa, I Made Arya Yogiswara; Dewi, Ayu Santia; Tilana, Febry Gilang; Roliskana, Shafalyn Kalila; Kusuma, I Gusti Bagus Surya Ari; Salsabila, Lale Sirin Rifdah; Wardhani, Indah Sapta; Habib, Philip
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 1b (2024): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i1b.7912

Abstract

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems, with diverse clinical symptoms, disease course and prognosis. This study aims to evaluate the role of antinuclear antibody (ANA) tests and other immunologic tests in supporting the diagnosis of SLE, given the challenges in differentiating SLE from other autoimmune diseases. The method used was a literature review of relevant literature obtained through several databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest, which analyzed the accuracy and limitations of ANA tests and other immunological tests in supporting the diagnosis of SLE. The results show that the ANA test has high sensitivity but limited specificity, as positive ANA results can also be found in other autoimmune conditions or even in healthy individuals. Therefore, interpretation of ANA results should be done in the appropriate clinical context to optimize its diagnostic utility. In conclusion, ANA testing plays an important role in the evaluation of SLE and other ANA-related diseases, but should be combined with clinical evaluation and additional investigations to confirm or exclude the diagnosis.
Co-Authors Dewi, Ayu Santia Hardiant, Excell Defry Kusuma, I Gusti Bagus Surya Ari Mahayasa, I Made Arya Yogiswara Muliana, Atriska Citra Musyafa, Aulia Putri Narendra, Ahmad Wahyu Ningrum, Sania Tresna Pardoe, Lalu Dane Pemban Putri, Baiq Ghefira Rojwani Rahmadinna, Sandia Anggun Ramadhania, Yasmine Najla Roliskana, Shafalyn Kalila Salsabila, Lale Sirin Rifdah Salsabila, Septy Rianty Putri Tilana, Febry Gilang Wardana, Shira Putri Wardhani, Indah Sapta Yolanda, M. Rizky Yuar, Alana Akmal Yulianti, Arwinda Febri