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Wardana, Shira Putri
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Functional Disorders of the Biliary System: Biliary Dyskinesia and Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction Mikailla, Romy Healthy; Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini; Wardana, Shira Putri; Firdaus, Nadine Aisyah Sultan; Ramadhan, Panji Sena; Aghni, Hasna Tazkia; Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.9955

Abstract

Functional biliary disorders are conditions caused by biliary dysmotility without the presence of gallstones, sludge, microlithiasis, or microcrystalline disease. The most common functional biliary disorders are biliary dyskinesia and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. This study employed a literature review method by searching and reviewing various references from online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. Functional biliary disorders such as biliary dyskinesia and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction often cause biliary pain without gallstones. Although not life-threatening, these disorders can affect quality of life and require appropriate management. Pharmacological treatments such as NSAIDs and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can help alleviate symptoms of biliary disorders, but surgical interventions such as cholecystectomy and sphincterotomy may be necessary for more severe cases. The choice of treatment method should take into account the risks and complications, and be carried out by an experienced medical team.
Tonsillitis in Focus: Clinical Features, Diagnostic Methods, and Evidence-Based Therapy Wardana, Shira Putri; Pardoe, Lalu Dane Pemban; Yolanda, M. Rizky; Yulianti, Arwinda Febri; Habib, Philip
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10090

Abstract

Tonsillitis is an inflammation and infection of the palatine tonsils, typically caused by viral or bacterial pathogens. It commonly affects children aged 5 to 15 years and has a high prevalence rate in Indonesia, with chronic tonsillitis accounting for 3.8% of ENT cases. This literature review aims to explore the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options for acute tonsillitis. The method used in this paper is a literature-based descriptive analysis drawn from national and international medical sources. The main etiological agent is Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, although viruses like Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) also play a significant role. Clinical symptoms include sudden fever, sore throat, odynophagia, halitosis, dysphagia, and swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosis is established through clinical history, physical examination using Brodsky's Tonsil Scale, and confirmatory laboratory tests such as throat swab culture. Management of acute tonsillitis includes both pharmacological interventions, such as amoxicillin or clarithromycin, and non-pharmacological strategies including tonsillectomy for recurrent or chronic cases. The review concludes that proper diagnosis and evidence-based treatment are essential to prevent complications and recurrence. Furthermore, public education on personal hygiene and infection control can significantly reduce transmission. This study underscores the importance of comprehensive clinical evaluation and rational antibiotic use in managing acute tonsillitis, particularly in areas with high disease prevalence.  
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and The Spectrum of Diseases It Causes: A Literature Review Hanifah, Hanum Retno; Hapsari, Yunita; Wardana, Shira Putri; Haikal, Muhammad
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10158

Abstract

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogen that plays a significant role in the development of benign and malignant diseases. This study used a literature review of national and international articles (2015–2025) obtained through Google Scholar, PubMed, and accredited journals. HPV is classified into high-risk types associated with cancer (primarily HPV 16 and 18) and low-risk types that commonly cause genital warts. Initial infection is often asymptomatic, but persistent infection can lead to cell transformation due to the activity of the oncoproteins E6 and E7. Globally, HPV prevalence remains high, with regional variations and a strong association with low vaccination coverage. Management includes pharmacological therapy, surgery, and a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While the primary prevention strategy is HPV vaccination (bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent), which is currently being expanded to primary school-aged girls in Indonesia. Recent developments include new-generation therapeutic vaccines (Vvax001, PANHPVAX) that promise broader protection. It can be concluded that primary vaccination remains the most effective strategy to reduce the burden of disease caused by HPV, so that increased immunization coverage, public education, and further research related to new generation vaccines are needed.
Chronic Anal Fissure: A Literature Review Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini; Mikailla, Romy Healthy; Wardana, Shira Putri; Aisyah S.F., Nadine; Sena R., Panji; Aghni, Hasna Tazkia; Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10139

Abstract

Chronic anal fissure is a common anorectal condition characterized by persistent mucosal tears that cause severe pain and reduced quality of life. Effective management is essential, as many cases show poor response to conservative treatment. This study aims to review recent advances in the diagnosis and management of chronic anal fissure. A literature review was conducted through PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest using the keywords “Chronic Anal Fissure OR Persistent Anal Fissure,” applying inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure relevance and scientific quality. The findings indicate that conservative therapy achieves healing in only about 50% of patients, while others require pharmacological or surgical interventions. Newer modalities, including topical calcium channel blockers, botulinum toxin injections, and modified surgical techniques such as anal advancement flap, demonstrate higher success rates with fewer complications. Furthermore, multitarget topical formulations have recently emerged as promising therapeutic options. In conclusion, the management of chronic anal fissure is evolving toward more effective and safer strategies. Further research is recommended to validate multitarget therapies and to develop individualized treatment approaches that improve patient outcomes and long-term quality of life.
Cerebral Palsy: Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Management Damayanti, Ida Ayu Andara; Prawira, I Nyoman Dio Yudha; Andini, Syabila; Hanifah, Hanum Retno; Wiguna, I Made Danuarta; Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini; Sabrina, Khansa Aulia; Khotimah, Andi Husnul; Wardana, Shira Putri; Rizqullah, Rifqi; Haikal, Muhammad
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10564

Abstract

Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive neuromotor disorder and the leading cause of motor disability in children worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to examine the risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of cerebral palsy based on recent scientific literature. This article includes a systematic literature review using the PRISMA method and selected 15 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the systematic literature review were obtained risk factors for cerebral palsy include intrauterine infection, preeclampsia, premature birth, asphyxia, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and hyperbilirubinemia. These risk factors can disrupt neurogenesis and brain maturation, leading to structural and functional damage to the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations of cerebral palsy include impaired muscle tone, abnormal reflexes, and postural deformities, classified as spastic, dyskinetic, and ataxic, and assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The diagnosis of cerebral palsy is established through evaluation of the clinical history, neurological/motor examination, neuroimaging, and genetic testing. Cerebral palsy management aims to improve functionality, ability, and health in movement, cognition, social interaction, and independence. Non-pharmacological management focuses on physiotherapy and occupational therapy to improve motor skills, reduce spasticity, and support independence. The mainstay of pharmacotherapy in cerebral palsy management uses systemic medications that are symptom-based and directed at specific movement disorders.
Clinical Status Asthmaticus as a Respiratory Emergency: Management in Pediatric and Adult Populations Ramadhan, Panji Sena; Nursiain, Aziza Chantiqka Aulia; Wardana, Shira Putri; Salsabila, Tsania Zulfa; Larasati, Anak Agung Ayu Regina
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10780

Abstract

Status asthmaticus is a life-threatening acute asthma exacerbation that fails to respond to initial standard therapy and requires prompt, protocol-based emergency care. This article aims to determine the clinical status of asthma as a respiratory emergency: management in pediatric and adult populations. The article was compiled using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, combining current evidence and clinical guideline recommendations regarding the management of status asthmaticus in pediatric and adult populations. Status asthmaticus is a form of severe asthma exacerbation that is an emergency because it can lead to respiratory arrest and death if not treated promptly. Patients generally present with complaints of progressive shortness of breath, cough, wheezing, and signs of respiratory failure such as tachypnea, accessory muscle retractions, and in severe cases, decreased consciousness. Symptoms in children are usually more dramatic due to narrower airways, while in adults the main risks are respiratory muscle fatigue and ventilation complications. Initial management includes airway stabilization, oxygen administration, and immediate initiation of a short-acting bronchodilator (nebulized beta-agonist/MDI). If improvement does not occur, inhaled anticholinergics and systemic corticosteroids are added. Thus, in both children and adults, status asthmaticus requires early recognition, rapid treatment, and close evaluation until the condition is fully stabilized. Continuous monitoring with pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas analysis is emphasized as essential for detecting deterioration. Early recognition and rapid escalation following standard emergency pathways are crucial to reducing morbidity and mortality in both age groups.
Co-Authors Aghni, Hasna Tazkia Aisyah S.F., Nadine Andini, Syabila Damayanti, Ida Ayu Andara Firdaus, Nadine Aisyah Sultan Habib, Philip Hanifah, Hanum Retno Hapsari, Yunita Khotimah, Andi Husnul Larasati, Anak Agung Ayu Regina Mikailla, Romy Healthy Muhammad Haikal Nurhidayati Nurhidayati Nursiain, Aziza Chantiqka Aulia Pardoe, Lalu Dane Pemban Prawira, I Nyoman Dio Yudha Ramadhan, Panji Sena Rizqullah, Rifqi Sabrina, Khansa Aulia Salsabila, Tsania Zulfa Sena R., Panji Wiguna, I Made Danuarta Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini Yolanda, M. Rizky Yulianti, Arwinda Febri