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Electric Vehicle Review: BEV, PHEV, HEV, or FCEV? Kusuma, Idris; Ruliyanta; Kusumoputro, R. A. S.; Iswadi, Agung
Jurnal Konversi Energi dan Manufaktur Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21009/JKEM.10.1.8

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are rapidly advancing as a sustainable transportation solution in the global effort to reduce carbon emissions. There are four main types of EVs: battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). This article reviews each EV type's advantages, limitations, and prospects based on energy efficiency, carbon emissions, technological development, and infrastructure readiness. The findings indicate that BEVs hold the most significant potential for personal vehicles and urban transportation, while FCEVs are more suited for heavy-duty and long-distance applications. PHEVs and HEVs are considered transition solutions, but their relevance is expected to decrease as technology and global policies evolve. BEVs provide zero emissions. PHEVs provide high flexibility, while HEVs do not require charging infrastructure, and FCEVs offer zero emissions and long-range and fast charging times. FCEV can travel up to more than 800 KM, which is very promising for the distance travelled problem, which is a challenge for electric vehicles.
Rotating speed and magnetic pole dependency assisted on copper deposition onto aluminum alloy substrate for bacterial eradication application Basori, Basori; Ruliyanta; Ajiriyanto, Maman Kartaman; Kriswarini, Rosika; Hardiyanti, Heri; Rosyidan, Cahaya; Yudanto, Sigit Dwi; Situmorang, Evi Ulina Margaretha; Edbert, Daniel; Nanto, Dwi; Susetyo, Ferry Budhi
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 10 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.10.1.2025.1547

Abstract

Copper (Cu) is widely used in many sectors, such as drinking water piping, heat exchangers, and medical equipment. The present research conducted an electrodeposition of Cu over an aluminum (Al) alloy substrate under the influence of various magnetic poles and rotating speeds. In the present study, a number of investigations, including deposition rate, current efficiency, coating thickness, surface morphology and phase, crystallographic orientation, antibacterial activity, electrochemical behavior, and hardness test were conducted. Increasing the rotation speed promoted to enhanced deposition rate and current efficiency for both magnetic poles influence. An increase in the deposition rate from 12.83 to 13.67 µm/h led to the increasing thickness, a change in surface morphology near the spheroidal, becoming a faceted structure. Presenting and rising in the rotation of a magnetic field led to a reduced surface roughness and crystallite size of Cu film for both magnetic poles influence. The Cu film made without spinning magnetic had a characteristic of highest bacterial inhibition zone around 2.50 ±0.56 cm². The CuRN50 sample had the lowest corrosion rate at around 0.055 mmpy, while the CuRS100 sample had the highest hardness value at approximately 80.72 HV for having the lowest crystallite size. Cu coated onto Al alloy could enhance its properties, such as being antimicrobial, being resistant against corrosion and having the hardness value.
Cu Film Characteristics Synthesized Using Electrodeposition Technique at Various Currents and Under a Rotating Neodymium Magnet Susetyo, Ferry Budhi; Basori; Mansor, Muhd Ridzuan; Ruliyanta; Yudanto, Sigit Dwi; Rosyidan, Cahaya; Situmorang, Evi Ulina Margareta; Edbert, Daniel; Mutiara, Etty; Yulianto, Tri; Agus Jamaludin; Nanto, Dwi
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.4.1156-1168

Abstract

In the present study, Cu films were made over Al alloy using the electrodeposition technique. Electrodeposition conducted at various currents (80, 100, and 120 mA), with and without influence by a rotating magnetic field (100 rpm of rotation). 0.5 M CuSO4 + 20 mL of H2SO4 was used for electrolyte solutions. The sample before and after electrodeposition was weighed using digital scale to calculate deposition rate and current efficiency. All formed Cu films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy equipped with Energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Potentiostat apparatus. Furthermore, antibacterial activity using Staphylococcus aureus was also investigated. Increasing the current of electrodeposition leads to an increase in deposition rate and current efficiency for both conditions (with and without rotating magnetic field influence). Based on the XRD and ATR-FTIR investigation, Cu was successfully deposited onto Al surface. Currents used for the electrodeposition process between 80-100 mA would result in a faceted structure, while using 120 mA results near to spheroidal. Shifting to higher currents leads to decreases in grain sizes and presenting a rotating magnetic field also enhances the grain size. Current and rotating magnetic influences are not linearly influencing corrosion potential, corrosion rate and antibacterial activity. The sample made using higher current plus influencing with a rotating magnetic field has less corrosion rate and higher area of inhibition at around 0.808 mmpy and 4.01 cm2.