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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease IDJP (Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics)
Indratmo, Novea
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Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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 Antioxidant Potential of Usnea spp. Extract with Lysozyme Conjugation for the Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression Junior, Darren; Dewi, Luh Putu Widya Amritha; Indratmo, Novea; Indrayani, Agung Wiwiek
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol 6, Issue 1, Jan - April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v6i1.57697

Abstract

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease worldwide has been reported to increase every year with hypertension serving as the leading cause. The recommended treatment for chronic kidney disease patients with a history of hypertension is antihypertensive medications, which could cause side effects from prolonged use. Hence, the authors sought out a possible novel modality by implementing antioxidant properties from beard lichen (Usnea spp.) extract. Literature search was conducted on trusted scientific databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, DOAJ, and Cochrane. The pathophysiology of hypertension in the progression of chronic kidney disease could mainly be attributed to the presence of inflammation and oxidative stress, which could be attenuated by the use of antioxidants. Lichens are a class of complex living organisms resulting from a symbiosis that allows them to synthesize various beneficial phytochemicals. Usnic and stictic acid derived from Usnea spp. are part of phenolic compounds that display strong antioxidant activities. In order for these antioxidants to have a focused effect on the kidneys, a kidney-targeted drug delivery system should be considered with lysozyme conjugation being the most studied method. The combination of Usnea spp. extract’s antioxidant capabilities with lysozyme conjugation could serve as a potential novel modality in the specific prevention of chronic kidney disease progression.                 Keywords: antioxidant; chronic kidney disease; lysozyme conjugation; Usnea                       spp. 
Genetic Mutations and Polymorphisms Related to Severity, Mortality, and Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Virus (DENV) Infection: A Literature Review Purnamasidhi, Cokorda Agung Wahyu; Junior, Darren; Satya Diksha, I Gusti Ngurah Ariestha; Hiranandini Prawista, I Gusti Ayu Maha; Guptha, I Dewa Gede Agung Siwa; Pratyaksa, I Gusti Ngurah Dinda; Indratmo, Novea; Suteja, Richard Christian; Harkitasari, Saktivi
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v13i3.70457

Abstract

The dengue virus (DENV) is a blood-borne Flavivirus transmitted through vectors and ranks as the fastest-spreading tropical disease globally. Dengue infection could exhibit mild to severe symptoms depending on various factors. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a cross-reactive phenomenon between different DENV strains that clinicians should be aware of, as it leads to a higher incidence of dengue with warning signs and severe dengue. On the molecular level, many genes contribute to the severity and pathophysiology of ADE. Mutations and polymorphisms in these genes could alter the course of dengue infection. This article aims to comprehensively review studies that measure the impact of dengue-related genetic mutations and polymorphisms on the severity, mortality, and ADE of DENV infection. We performed a literature review to identify relevant articles on PubMed, Science Direct, Europe PMC, and Google Scholar. The review examines polymorphisms across multiple gene families: Fcγ receptors, cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-10), immune regulatory genes (MICB, PLCE1, RIPK2), antigen-presenting machinery (DC-SIGN, TAP), and host defense mechanisms (VDR, CTLA-4, MBL, HPA). These genetic variations have population-specific effects and may confer both protection in some populations and increased susceptibility to severe outcomes of dengue in others. The effects of these polymorphisms are context-dependent and differ according to the phase of infection, ethnicity, and gene-gene interactions. Overall, it could be concluded that aside from external factors, polymorphisms on human genes regulating mechanisms and components related to dengue infection have been extensively discussed to play a role in the overall clinical outcome.
Co-Authors Agung Wiwiek Indrayani Cokorda Agung Wahyu Purnamasidhi Dewi, Luh Putu Widya Amritha Guptha, I Dewa Gede Agung Siwa Hiranandini Prawista, I Gusti Ayu Maha Junior, Darren Pratyaksa, I Gusti Ngurah Dinda Saktivi Harkitasari, Saktivi Satya Diksha, I Gusti Ngurah Ariestha Suteja, Richard Christian