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Physicochemical and Fungal Analysis of a Hydrocarbon-Polluted Soil at Amadi-Ama Creek of Bonny River Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria Iheanacho, Chinedu Christian; Nkwocha, Ikenna Light; Mgbede, Timothy; Abah, Moses Adondua; Osagie, Asuelimen Steve; Nonye, Eze Constance; Oyibo, Okpanachi Nuhu; Samuel, Woyengibarakemi Ann; Akpan, Rose Aniekan; Umezurike, Kingsley Chimuanya; Marvis, Alajemba Chinonso; Idris, Nancy
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 5 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i5.3775

Numerous hydrocarbon-utilizing fungal species have been implicated with the ability to utilize/degrade hydrocarbon as carbon source, which indicate their potential for environmental cleanup in hydrocarbon-contaminated sites. In this study, five (5) indigenous fungal species were isolated from a petroleum-hydrocarbon polluted soil at Amadi-ama Creek, Bonny river shoreline, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. These fungal species may have high potential to biodegrade petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants. Samples were collected randomly from the hydrocarbon impacted soil at Amadi-ama Creek, Bonny river shoreline. Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Czapek Agar were used as growth media. Samples were examined to assess the physical and chemical characteristics such as conductivity, pH, temperature, nitrate, iron, copper, zinc, chromium, phosphate, sulphate, total hydrocarbon content, total petroleum hydrocarbon, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. These parameters are known to influence the occurrence, diversity and distribution of microorganisms in an ecological niche. Soil pH showed to be acidic (6.21), result also showed that Total hydrocarbon content, Total petroleum hydrocarbon and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon values were at 306.55mg/kg, 112.134mg/kg, 44.227mg/kg respectively establishing the incidence of hydrocarbon pollution. Electrical conductivity and Temperature were at 1250 Us/cm, and 29.580C respectively while Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulphate, Iron, Copper, Zinc, and Chromium values were at 1.228mg/kg, 0.751mg/kg, 20.214mg/kg, 18.431mg/kg, 0.113mg/kg, 0.121mg/kg, and 0.042mg/kg respectively. Monitoring of the soil quality established the incidence of hydrocarbon pollution as well the incidence of anthropogenic influence on the soil putting into cognizance human activities at the shoreline. Morphological identification of obtained fungal species led to their assignment into four (4) genera and five (5) species; Aspergillus niger (28%), Aspergillus flavus (22%), Cladosporium herbarum (20%), Penicillium notatum (17%), Fusarium spp (11%). The predominance of Aspergillus isolates (28% and 22%) in this study could be a pointer to their potential to utilize hydrocarbon as their sole source of nutrient. The isolation of these indigenous fungal species could serve as a baseline study on which further analysis such as hydrocarbon degradation screening test could determine their individual hydrocarbon degradation potentials and subsequent consideration as hydrocarbon degrading microbes in subsequent bioremediation study.

Effect of Temperature on Microplastic Degradation in Soil Environment Abah, Moses Adondua; Olawale, Otitoju; Timothy, Mgbede; Timothy, Nwali Chukwuebuka; Oyibo, Okpanachi Nuhu; Okpanachi, Victor; Yola, Anna; Uchechukwu, Ukoh Daniel; Ifeanyi, Onyedinma Emmanuel; Owei, Joy Ebimoboere; Abimbola, Adeyemi Bashirat; Najeeb, Aliyu Olamilekan; Chinenye, Chinweuba Rachael; Egwolo, Fueta Loveth; Iheanacho, Chinedu Christian; Edoka, Oduh Solomon
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 5 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i5.3797

The contamination of soil caused by the degradation of plastics introduced through disposal has been increasing globally. Researchers have reported that exposure to microplastics, the degradative product of plastic materials triggers a “wide variety of toxic insults”. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of temperature on microplastic degradation in soil environment. Soil samples were collected from Federal University Wukari farm, air-dried and sieved to obtain fine particles. They were arranged in three groups; one served as the control (Group 1), containing no shredded microplastics, whereas microplastics were shredded in Group 2 and Group 3 soil samples. They were all arranged in triplicates. The control group was kept at room temperature for 14 days whereas Group 2 was exposed to sunlight for 14 days. Group 3 was exposed to sunlight for 7 days. The results obtained from this study revealed the presence of the following microplastic types in Group 2 and 3 soil samples: polyamide, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylene glycol, terephthatic acid, acrylic acid and polyester. The highest level of total detectable microplastics were associated with Group 3 soil samples (59314.95±808.35), followed by Group 2 soil samples (56022±1352.14) and lastly Group 1 (control) soil samples (32703.51±649.99) respectively. The result also revealed polyamide to be the most abundant microplastic present in all the assayed soil samples: Group 3 (48977.99±1071.61), Group 2 (52204.46±582.03) and Group 1 (28022.08±425.28) whereas the least microplastic present in all assayed soil samples was Terephthatic acid shown as thus: Group 3 (393.69±17.44) > Group 2 (369.36±28.11) > Group 3 (211.32±14.77) respectively. Overall, the result revealed that soil samples exposed to sunlight for a period of 7 days (Group 3) had the highest level of individually detected microplastics followed by soil samples exposed to sunlight for 14 days (Group 2). The control group clearly showed the least levels of individually detected microplastics. The study revealed that microplastics upon exposure to UV rays from sun light could undergo degradation yielding several intermediates which may be either more or less harmful. The study also revealed that the longer the exposure of a microplastic material to UV rays, the higher the degradation rate and the more intermediates associated with the microplastic material will be yielded. On the other hand, the shorter the exposure time of a microplastic material to UV rays, the lesser the degradation rate and less intermediates associated with the microplastic material will be yielded.

Analysis of Heavy Metals Concentration and Its Impact on Hepatic Indexes in Clarias gariepinus from Ibi, Gidin-Dorowa, and Donga Rivers in Taraba State, Nigeria Asuelimen, Steve Osagie; Ale, Ebenezer Morayo; Umaru, Isaac John; Iheanacho, Chinedu Christian
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3467

Exposure to heavy metals, which are particularly detrimental to human health, has increased as a result of anthropogenic activities and modern industry. Increased levels of heavy metals in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) can be a good sign that human activity has contaminated an aquatic ecosystem. The study aimed to eval_uate the levels of heavy metals and their potential effects on hepatic indexes in Clarias gariepinus collected from three different rivers (Ibi, Donga, and Gindin Dorowa) in Taraba State, Nigeria. The fish samples were collected from the three different rivers during the dry season. The gills were removed from the fish and subjected to oven drying and grinding before being analyzed for heavy metal concentrations. Blood samples were also collected from the fish for liver biomarkers analysis. The heavy metal concentrations (specifically Pb, Cd, Zn, As, and Hg) were determined using Micro Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES) and compared to the maximum levels specified by the World Health Organization (WHO). The results showed that zinc had the highest mean concentration in all three river samples. However, all heavy metal concentrations in the gills of the fish were found to be below the maximum allowed limits advised by standard bodies, indicating that the gills were safe for consumption. Also, the liver biomarker analysis showed higher levels of ALP, total bilirubin, and albumin activity in the fish from Gindin-Dorowa compared to Donga and Ibi. However, all liver biomarker values fell within the reference standards, indicating that the fish from the three rivers were free from heavy metal toxicity. In conclusion, the study suggests that the Clarias gariepinus samples from the three rivers in Taraba State, Nigeria, had concentrations of heavy metals within safe limits, as determined by the WHO. The liver biomarker analysis further supported the absence of heavy metal toxicity in the fish.

Analysis of Heavy Metals Concentration and Its Impact on Hepatic Indexes in Clarias gariepinus from Ibi, Gidin-Dorowa, and Donga Rivers in Taraba State, Nigeria Asuelimen, Steve Osagie; Ale, Ebenezer Morayo; Umaru, Isaac John; Iheanacho, Chinedu Christian
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3467

Exposure to heavy metals, which are particularly detrimental to human health, has increased as a result of anthropogenic activities and modern industry. Increased levels of heavy metals in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) can be a good sign that human activity has contaminated an aquatic ecosystem. The study aimed to eval_uate the levels of heavy metals and their potential effects on hepatic indexes in Clarias gariepinus collected from three different rivers (Ibi, Donga, and Gindin Dorowa) in Taraba State, Nigeria. The fish samples were collected from the three different rivers during the dry season. The gills were removed from the fish and subjected to oven drying and grinding before being analyzed for heavy metal concentrations. Blood samples were also collected from the fish for liver biomarkers analysis. The heavy metal concentrations (specifically Pb, Cd, Zn, As, and Hg) were determined using Micro Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES) and compared to the maximum levels specified by the World Health Organization (WHO). The results showed that zinc had the highest mean concentration in all three river samples. However, all heavy metal concentrations in the gills of the fish were found to be below the maximum allowed limits advised by standard bodies, indicating that the gills were safe for consumption. Also, the liver biomarker analysis showed higher levels of ALP, total bilirubin, and albumin activity in the fish from Gindin-Dorowa compared to Donga and Ibi. However, all liver biomarker values fell within the reference standards, indicating that the fish from the three rivers were free from heavy metal toxicity. In conclusion, the study suggests that the Clarias gariepinus samples from the three rivers in Taraba State, Nigeria, had concentrations of heavy metals within safe limits, as determined by the WHO. The liver biomarker analysis further supported the absence of heavy metal toxicity in the fish.

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