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Karagenan Rumput Laut Merah Bali (Gracilaria sp.) sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Delapan Bakteri Patogen Sasadara, Maria Malida Vernandes; Cahyaningsih, Erna; Dewi, Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita; Yuda, Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma; Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma; Juliadi, Debby; Putri, Ni Kadek Dila Pratiwi; Putri, Ni Kadek Nisa Leoni; Darmawan, I Wayan Agus; Yanti, Ni Kadek Pradnya
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v11i1.10349

Abstract

The increase in infection cases every year, coupled with the rise in resistance cases, increases the urgency of exploring antimicrobial agents. Gracilaria sp. is a red seaweed that is widely known as one of the potential producers of active metabolites, sulfated polysaccharides. Carrageenan is one form of sulfated polysaccharide that has antimicrobial activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of carrageenan derived from Gracilaria sp. against several pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Salmonella typhi. Carrageenan was extracted from Gracilaria sp. samples obtained from the South Denpasar area (Bali) using KOH. An antibacterial activity assay of carrageenan was carried out using an agar well diffusion method with nutrient agar media. Tests were conducted at concentrations of 1 and 5 mg/mL (E. coli and S. epidermidis), 20, 30, 40 mg/mL (S. aureus, S. pyrogenes, E. faecalis, and S. typhi), 50, 75, and 100 mg/mL (P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae). Incubation was carried out for 24 hours at ± 37 °C. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that carrageenan extracted from Gracilaria sp. exhibited significant antibacterial activity against several pathogenic bacteria, especially gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity produced in this study was proportional to the increase in concentration, where the inhibitory activity produced increased as the concentration of carrageenan increased. It can be concluded that carrageenan has the potential to be an antibacterial.
Emotional Spiritual Quotient (ESQ) Model Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Penyimpangan Perilaku Keagamaan Generasi Muda Darma, I Wayan Puniya Saktia; Utami, Luh Kadek Dwi; Darmawan, I Wayan Agus; Sugiariani, Ni Made Sri Ratih; Pratiwi, Ari
Pratyaksa: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Sosial dan Humaniora Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): (Oktober)
Publisher : Samsara Institute Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of religious behavioral deviations among the younger generation requires an effective preventive method. This study aims to examine the implementation of the habituation method using the ESQ (Emotional Spiritual Quotient) model as a strategy to prevent such deviations. The ESQ model is designed as a tool for mental and spiritual engineering to build strong character and personality. This method is believed to form individuals who are free from the shackles of negative thinking, possess mental resilience in facing problems, and have the personal strength to avoid actions detrimental to themselves and others. Furthermore, this model also aims to build social strength to maintain harmonious relationships with God, other people, and the surrounding environment. These core characteristics developed through the ESQ model are identified as being able to suppress both the internal and external factors that trigger deviant behavior. Therefore, the habituation method based on the ESQ model is proposed as a comprehensive approach to preventing religious behavioral deviations in the younger generation by building an integral foundation of character and spirituality.