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Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Nypa fruticans for Coating Metformin on Zn-Based Metal-Organic Framework Nanohybrid as a Bionanocomposite Drug Delivery System Delviani, Delviani; Maharani, Viola Giary Rizkillah; Shadrina, Putri Nur; Warni, Tri; Azizah, Regina Wan; Tarigan, Indra Lasmana; Latief, Madyawati
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Diabetes is a common and rapidly spreading disease that affects 6.6% of the world’s population. Metformin hydrochloride (HCl) is an effective oral pharmacological treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients because of its capability to reduce glucose levels and the risk of hypoglycaemia. However, gastrointestinal sensitivities to this drug can cause diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and stomach ache. An alternative is controlled release technology by coating metformin with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and zinc-metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF) through the encapsulation method. Therefore, this study aimed to coat metformin formulations using CMC in a Zn-MOF to control release into the body and minimise the side effects related to doses. The results showed that CMC/metformin@Zn-MOF encapsulation had a controlled blood sugar lowering effect and stable healing effectiveness even at a low concentration of 1:10 of local metformin. In vitro, the released concentrations from local metformin tablets and CMC/Metformin@Zn-MOF were 199.50 ppm of 500 ppm and 42.182 ppm of 50 ppm, with release percentages of 39.90% and 84.364%, respectively. This study found that metformin masking using CMC and Zn-MOF maximally produced a modified release formula along the intestine by reducing the concentration to increase tolerability in lowering blood sugar effectively for T2DM patients with minimal side effects.
Analisis Aktivitas Imunomodulator dan Antiinflamasi Senyawa Bioaktif Fraksi Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) Secara In Silico: Analysis of Immunomodulatory and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Bioactive Compounds of Sungkai Leaf Fractions (Peronema canescens Jack) In Silico Maharani, Viola Giary Rizkillah; Delviani, Delviani; Latief, Madyawati; Tarigan, Indra Lasmana
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 7 No. 4 (2025): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v7i4.2481

Abstract

The immune system recognizes and responds to various pathogens to protect the body. An imbalance in the immune system can lead to uncontrolled inflammation that causes inflammation. The discovery of new agents as immunomodulators and anti-inflammatories is very important in the search for effective drugs for long-term use. Sungkai is a plant with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study is to predict the potential of compounds in sungkai that act as immunomodulators and anti-inflammatory through an in silico approach with molecular docking method. Based on the results of molecular docking of test ligands with COX 1 anti-inflammatory receptor in the form of prostaglandin H2 synthase-1, the best ligands were obtained in the form of 3?-acetoxy-6-nitrocholest-5-ene, Squalen, Quercetin and Apigenin with binding free energy (?G) values of -12.48; -8.26; -8.09; and -7.95 kcal/mol, respectively. Meanwhile, between the test ligands and the IL-6 immunomodulatory receptor in the form of Human Interleukin-6, the best ligands were obtained in the form of 3?-acetoxy-6-nitrocholest-5-ene, Apigenin, Quartzetin and Squalen with binding free energy values (?G) of -5.80; -5.05; -4.70; and -2.81 kcal/mol. Keywords:          Immunomodulator, Anti-inflammatory, In Silico, Sungkai   Abstrak Sistem kekebalan tubuh merupakan bentuk pengenalan dan respons berbagai patogen dalam melindungi tubuh. Ketidakseimbangan sistem kekebalan dapat menyebabkan inflamasi tidak terkontrol yang menimbulkan peradangan. Penemuan agen baru sebagai imunomodulator dan antiinflamasi sangat penting dalam pencarian obat  efektif untuk penggunaan jangka panjang. Sungkai merupakan tumbuhan dengan efek imunomodulator dan antiinflamasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memprediksi potensi senyawa dalam sungkai yang berperan sebagai imunomodulator dan antiinflamasi melalui pendekatan secara in silico dengan metode molecular docking. Berdasarkan hasil molecular docking ligan uji dengan reseptor antiinflamasi COX 1 berupa prostaglandin H2 synthase-1 diperoleh ligan terbaik berupa 3?-acetoxy-6-nitrocholest-5-ene, Squalen, Kuarsetin dan Apigenin dengan nilai energi bebas pengikatan (?G) masing- masing -12.48; -8.26; -8.09; dan -7,95 kkal/mol. Sedangkan antara ligan uji dengan reseptor imunomodulator IL-6 berupa Human Interleukin-6 diperoleh ligan terbaik berupa 3?-acetoxy-6-nitrocholest-5-ene, Apigenin, Kuarsetin dan Squalen nilai energi bebas pengikatan (?G) yaitu  -5.80; -5.05; -4.70; dan -2.81 kkal/mol. Kata Kunci:         Imunomodulator, Antiinflamasi, In Silico, Sungkai