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All Journal Al Qodiri : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Keagamaan Journal of Paradiplomacy and City Networks RESLAJ: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal
Ario Bimo Utomo
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Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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Elemen Listening Sebagai Soft Power: Diplomasi Publik Arab Saudi Melalui Pagelaran Riyadh Masters Ario Bimo Utomo; Baswedan, Zaidan Muhammad
Al Qodiri : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Keagamaan Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Al Qodiri : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Keagamaan
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat dan Publikasi Ilmiah (LP3M) Institut Agama Islam (IAI) Al-Qodiri Jember, Jawa Timur Indonesia bekerjasama dengan Kopertais Wilayah 4 Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53515/qodiri.2025.23.2.220-240

Abstract

This article is composed to examine the discussion regarding how Saudi Arabia utilizes the Riyadh Masters Event as an instrument of public diplomacy, with a focus on Nicholas J. Cull’s taxonomy—specifically the “listening” function. Citing Cull’s concept, he argues that listening is the most analytically suitable framework for understanding the engagement of government–in this case through the regime of de facto Mohammed bin Salman–through early-stage with the global esports community, particularly under its Vision 2030 agenda. The research is based on a qualitative analysis of online discourse, stakeholder actions, and official communication. Data were collected through digital ethnography and content analysis across Reddit, Twitter, and tournament coverage. Findings suggest that Saudi Arabia employs esports not only for entertainment or economic diversification but as a way to monitor global sentiment, assess international reputation, and align its diplomatic narrative. The centralized public diplomacy model in Saudi Arabia enables coordinated listening practices, with implications for future cultural and digital diplomacy efforts. Ultimately, this article contributes to a growing body of literature that explores digital platforms, gaming culture, and international engagement from a Global perspective. Keywords: Public Diplomacy, Esports, Saudi Arabia, Listening, Soft Power
Strategi Diplomasi Publik Jerman pada UEFA EURO 2024 Mochammad Habibie Purnomo Putra; Costantine Badrani Mongide; Berlianto Juan; Ario Bimo Utomo
Reslaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal Vol. 7 No. 7 (2025): RESLAJ: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal
Publisher : Intitut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/reslaj.v7i7.7647

Abstract

This study analyzes Germany's public diplomacy strategy in organizing UEFA EURO 2024 as a Mega Sporting Event (MSE) to build a positive image in the eyes of the international community. Using Mark Leonard's (2002) public diplomacy theory, this study highlights three main dimensions: News Management, Strategic Communications, and Relationship Building. A qualitative approach is used with secondary data from UEFA's official website, media, and relevant literature. In the News Management aspect, Germany utilizes the International Broadcast Center (IBC) in Leipzig to control the global narrative. IBC broadcasts matches to more than 200 countries and promotes German culture and tourism through UEFA's official platforms and broadcasting partners. In Strategic Communications, Germany builds a national identity through the slogan Vereint im Herzen Europas, the official song Fire, colorful logos representing the 24 participating countries, the #LightYourFire campaign, and the Albärt mascot depicting inclusivity and tolerance. Meanwhile, Relationship Building was realized through the recruitment of 16,000 volunteers from 124 countries, the holding of FAN Festivals in 10 cities that attracted 5.8 million visitors, and the Instagram account @unitedbyfootball2024 as a medium of interaction. These efforts strengthened international relations through direct interaction, training, cultural exchange, and media involvement. This study concluded that Germany successfully utilized EURO 2024 as a means of public diplomacy by synergistically integrating the three dimensions to create a positive national image on the global stage.
Center-Regional Relations in National Motivated Paradiplomacy: A Scottish Case Study Putri, Anggi Koenjaini; Ario Bimo Utomo; Cakra Diaz Pratama
Journal of Paradiplomacy and City Networks Vol. 4 No. 1: June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jpcn.v4i1.87

Abstract

This study investigated the complex dynamics of center-regional relations in nationally motivated paradiplomacy, using Scotland as a case study. As a devolved nation within the United Kingdom (UK), Scotland has actively pursued international engagement not merely as a pragmatic exercise in policy diffusion or economic cooperation, but as a strategic vehicle for constructing a distinct national identity. This research identified the nationalist dimension as a primary motive behind Scottish paradiplomacy, particularly under the leadership of the Scottish National Party. Employing a qualitative interpretive approach and a case study method, the study drew upon primary sources (official Scottish government documents, speeches, and international frameworks) and secondary literature spanning 2014 to 2022. Using the analytical lens of paradiplomatic theory and the center-regional relationship typology developed by Panayotis Soldatos, the study concluded that Scotland’s paradiplomacy fits the parallel disharmony pattern. While Scotland and the UK operate simultaneously in international affairs, their motivations, narratives, and policy orientations frequently diverge. Scotland’s emphasis on global citizenship, climate justice, and European engagement stands in stark contrast to London’s centralist and post-Brexit trajectory. This dissonance illustrates how subnational paradiplomacy can serve not only as a policy tool but also as a political instrument for autonomy-seeking entities, challenging conventional notions of sovereignty from below. This study contributes to the broader discourse on paradiplomacy by demonstrating how subnational governments with strong nationalist narratives can develop differentiated external roles within a unitary state structure.
Saudi Vision 2030: Nation Branding Arab Saudi menjadi Esports Hub Internasional Muhammad Rizky Eko Putra; Ario Bimo Utomo
Reslaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal Vol. 7 No. 8 (2025): RESLAJ: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal
Publisher : Intitut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/reslaj.v7i8.8264

Abstract

Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 marks a profound strategic shift towards economic diversification, with the esports sector identified as a key growth driver. This study analyzes Saudi Arabia's ambition to become an international esports hub through the lens of Simon Anholt's Competitive Identity theory, encompassing six dimensions: Tourism, Export Brands, Policy, Investment, Culture, and People. Utilizing relevant data, the research demonstrates how Vision 2030 initiatives systematically align with each dimension, shaping Saudi Arabia's global image as a modern, innovative, and dynamic nation. The analysis reveals a coordinated and massively funded approach to building a sustainable esports ecosystem, attracting investment, developing local talent, and projecting a new national identity. While challenges related to perception and sustainability persist, findings suggest that Saudi Arabia's esports strategy is an integral component of a broader nation branding effort, aiming to enhance its global influence and competitiveness on the world stage.
Dampak Diplomasi Bisbol Amerika Serikat di Kuba Pada Tahun 2014-2016 Anabela Maria Lucia Sinambela; Rio Ferdian Firmansyah; Sharla Putri Aisha; Ario Bimo Utomo
Reslaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal Vol. 7 No. 9 (2025): RESLAJ: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal
Publisher : Intitut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/reslaj.v7i9.8654

Abstract

The relationship between Cuba and the United States initially developed during the colonial period following the Spanish-American War and lasted until 1902. At that time, Cuba was a colony of the United States and formally declared its independence in 1901 after a congress held in the United States. However, following Cuba’s independence, bilateral relations gradually deteriorated, particularly after the 1959 revolution led by Fidel Castro, which transformed Cuba into a communist state. This development raised significant concerns in the United States, particularly regarding Cuba's increasing alignment with the Soviet Union during the height of the Cold War. In response to these geopolitical tensions, the United States sought various strategies to improve its international image, including within the Middle East. One such approach involved the use of sports diplomacy, specifically through baseball, as a means of fostering engagement with Cuba and improving its global reputation. This study aims to examine the impact experienced by Cuba as a result of the baseball diplomacy initiatives conducted by the United States between 2014 and 2016.
Strategi Diplomasi Publik Perancis pada UEFA Euro 2016 Kenneth Ephram S; Alfian Farrel A.L; Ramadhan Dwi Setyawan; Siti Fatimah Jasmine; Ario Bimo Utomo
Reslaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal Vol. 7 No. 10 (2025): RESLAJ: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal
Publisher : Intitut Agama Islam Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/reslaj.v7i10.9213

Abstract

As part of France's efforts to build a positive national image in the eyes of the international community, this study examines the public diplomacy strategies employed by France during the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) EURO 2016. France did not merely present UEFA EURO 2016 as a sporting event but also as an opportunity to leverage the occasion as a tool for public diplomacy to strengthen the country's ties with the global community and restore international trust following the 2015 terrorist attacks. The research analysis employs the framework introduced by Nicholas J. Cull, known as the Taxonomy of Public Diplomacy, which consists of five components: Listening, Advocacy, Cultural Diplomacy, Exchange Diplomacy, and International Broadcasting, using a qualitative research approach with a descriptive method. In the context of UEFA EURO 2016, France implemented all five elements of the taxonomy through the “Le Rendez-Vous” campaign, cultural promotion, and international media engagement, while reinforcing narratives of security and openness. The research findings indicate that France's public diplomacy strategy during the UEFA EURO 2016 event successfully strengthened the country's image as a tool of public diplomacy by using the sports competition as a diplomatic instrument to reach audiences worldwide. This study highlights the importance of sports as a tool of soft power in modern diplomacy.
Co-Authors Alfian Farrel A.L Anabela Maria Lucia Sinambela Baswedan, Zaidan Muhammad Berlianto Juan Cakra Diaz Pratama Costantine Badrani Mongide Kenneth Ephram S Mochammad Habibie Purnomo Putra Muhammad Rizky Eko Putra Putri, Anggi Koenjaini Ramadhan Dwi Setyawan Rio Ferdian Firmansyah Sharla Putri Aisha Siti Fatimah Jasmine