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All Journal International Journal of Social Service and Research Advances In Social Humanities Research
Amaral, Adolmando Soares
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Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Engineering Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Enhancing Transparency and Accountability in Public Services Through Information Technology: A Case Study of Timor-Leste’s Ministry of Justice Petu, Vitalis; Amaral, Adolmando Soares; Nahak, Martinus; Gusmão, Fernando Dias; M. Martins5, Leonito
International Journal of Social Service and Research Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): International Journal of Social Service and Research
Publisher : Ridwan Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/ijssr.v5i5.1231

Abstract

This study explores the novel application of the Ajendamento online scheduling system in Timor-Leste’s passport services, addressing gaps in prior research by focusing on its dual role in enhancing transparency and accountability while confronting unique local challenges. Unlike broader e-government studies, this research provides empirical evidence from a least-developed country (LDC) context, where infrastructural and literacy barriers significantly impact digital adoption—a dimension underexplored in existing literature. Using a qualitative case study design, the study analyzes interviews with 12 stakeholders, document reviews, and observational data from Timor-Leste’s Ministry of Justice. Findings reveal that the Ajendamento system reduces broker interference, improves service efficiency, and fosters procedural transparency. However, persistent issues such as uneven internet access (54.2% penetration), low digital literacy (especially among rural and elderly populations), and institutional capacity gaps (e.g., 26% contracted staff, limited training) hinder equitable implementation. These challenges contrast with studies in more advanced digital economies, highlighting the critical need for context-specific solutions. The study contributes to e-government theory by emphasizing the interplay between technological systems and socio-institutional readiness in LDCs, a nuance absent in Heeks’ (2002) generalized frameworks. Practical implications include targeted investments in infrastructure, literacy campaigns, and inter-agency collaboration to ensure inclusive digital transformation. By bridging the gap between policy aspirations and grassroots realities, this research offers a model for similar settings globally.
Implementing Administrative Decentralization in Bobonaro Municipalitytimor-Leste: Human Resource Capacity and Local Governance Challenges Santos, Adelia dos; Amaral, Adolmando Soares; Martins, Leonito M.; Ramos, Arquimino; Gudinho, Constantinho
Advances In Social Humanities Research Vol. 3 No. 11 (2025): Advances In Social Humanities Research
Publisher : Sahabat Publikasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/adv.v3i11.510

Abstract

Decentralization has emerged as a critical component of governance reform in developing countries, with the goal of enhancing local accountability, efficiency, and citizen participation. This study examines the implementation of administrative decentralization in Bobonaro Municipality Timor-Leste, focusing on the relationship between human resource capacity and local governance performance. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving twelve key informants from municipal institutions and local communities. The findings indicate that while legal frameworks establish a robust foundation for decentralization, practical implementation is hindered by institutional weaknesses, fiscal dependency, and misallocation of human resources. Although many local officials possess adequate academic qualifications, deficiencies in merit-based recruitment, technical specialization, and managerial competence prevents effective administration. Additionally, limited citizen participation and gender imbalances detract from accountability in local decision-making processes. The study concludes that successful decentralization necessitates integrated reforms aimed at strengthening institutional capacity, promoting meritocratic governance, and ensuring fiscal autonomy. This research contributes to the literature on post-conflict state-building by illustrating how human resource readiness influences the sustainability and effectiveness of local governance in emerging democracies.
Co-Authors Gudinho, Constantinho Gusmão, Fernando Dias M. Martins5, Leonito Martins, Leonito M. Nahak, Martinus Petu, Vitalis Ramos, Arquimino Santos, Adelia dos