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All Journal Journal of Governance and Public Policy International Journal of Social Service and Research
Gusmão, Fernando Dias
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Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Enhancing Transparency and Accountability in Public Services Through Information Technology: A Case Study of Timor-Leste’s Ministry of Justice Petu, Vitalis; Amaral, Adolmando Soares; Nahak, Martinus; Gusmão, Fernando Dias; M. Martins5, Leonito
International Journal of Social Service and Research Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): International Journal of Social Service and Research
Publisher : Ridwan Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/ijssr.v5i5.1231

Abstract

This study explores the novel application of the Ajendamento online scheduling system in Timor-Leste’s passport services, addressing gaps in prior research by focusing on its dual role in enhancing transparency and accountability while confronting unique local challenges. Unlike broader e-government studies, this research provides empirical evidence from a least-developed country (LDC) context, where infrastructural and literacy barriers significantly impact digital adoption—a dimension underexplored in existing literature. Using a qualitative case study design, the study analyzes interviews with 12 stakeholders, document reviews, and observational data from Timor-Leste’s Ministry of Justice. Findings reveal that the Ajendamento system reduces broker interference, improves service efficiency, and fosters procedural transparency. However, persistent issues such as uneven internet access (54.2% penetration), low digital literacy (especially among rural and elderly populations), and institutional capacity gaps (e.g., 26% contracted staff, limited training) hinder equitable implementation. These challenges contrast with studies in more advanced digital economies, highlighting the critical need for context-specific solutions. The study contributes to e-government theory by emphasizing the interplay between technological systems and socio-institutional readiness in LDCs, a nuance absent in Heeks’ (2002) generalized frameworks. Practical implications include targeted investments in infrastructure, literacy campaigns, and inter-agency collaboration to ensure inclusive digital transformation. By bridging the gap between policy aspirations and grassroots realities, this research offers a model for similar settings globally.
Transformational Leadership and Job Satisfaction: Mitigating Organizational Politics to Innovative Work Behavior Pradana, I Putu Yoga Bumi; Sayrani, Laurensius Petrus; Pah, Theny Intan Berlian Kurniati; Rijoly, Jacobus Cliff Diky; Gusmao, Fernando Dias
Journal of Governance and Public Policy Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jgpp.v13i1.27044

Abstract

This study investigated the relationships among perceived organizational politics (POP), transformational leadership (TL), innovative work behavior (IWB), and job satisfaction (JS) in the public sector, with JS as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 657 civil servants of the Kupang City Government using a validated, closed-ended questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the proposed relationships. The results disclosed that perceived organizational politics had a significant negative effect on job satisfaction (β = −0.211, p < 0.001) and innovative work behavior (β = −0.247, p < 0.001). In contrast, transformational leadership demonstrated a strong positive influence on job satisfaction (β = 0.684, p < 0.001) and a positive direct effect on innovative work behavior (β = 0.222, p < 0.001). Job satisfaction also significantly enhanced innovative work behavior (β = 0.223, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis indicated that job satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between perceived organizational politics and innovative work behavior (indirect effect β = −0.047, p = 0.001) and between transformational leadership and innovative work behavior (indirect effect β = 0.153, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that job satisfaction plays a crucial role in buffering the negative consequences of organizational politics and strengthening the positive impact of transformational leadership on innovation. This study contributes to public sector innovation literature by empirically demonstrating how leadership and job attitudes shape innovative behavior within a politically nuanced bureaucratic context.
When Electoral Decentralization Fails: Elite Capture and the Limits of Welfare Governance in Indonesia Sugiantiningsih, Anak Agung Putu; Gusmao, Fernando Dias; Hidayaturrahman, Mohammad; Jailani, Safiruddin
Journal of Governance and Public Policy Vol. 13 No. 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jgpp.v13i2.30955

Abstract

Direct regional elections have been widely recognized as a cornerstone of Indonesia's democratic decentralization, expanding political participation and strengthening the electoral legitimacy of local governments. Nevertheless, evidence regarding their contribution to public welfare remains inconclusive. Existing studies have primarily examined electoral competitiveness and democratic participation, while paying limited attention to the mechanisms through which elite capture constrains welfare governance. This study investigates how direct regional elections shape welfare outcomes through the interaction between electoral competition, political patronage, and elite behavior after two decades of decentralization in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative comparative political analysis, the study draws on secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Bank Indonesia, the World Bank, government policy documents, and leading national media reports. The findings indicate that although direct elections have enhanced democratic participation and political legitimacy, welfare improvements remain uneven across regions. High campaign costs, patronage networks, and short-term electoral incentives encourage political elites to prioritize political survival over long-term development strategies, thereby weakening welfare governance. The study identifies an electoral governance paradox in which expanded democratic participation coexists with persistent elite capture, limiting the translation of electoral legitimacy into measurable welfare outcomes. These findings contribute to the literature on democratic decentralization by demonstrating that electoral institutions alone are insufficient to improve welfare without stronger accountability mechanisms that constrain elite capture and align political incentives with long-term public welfare. Official website of these institutions and leading online media, such as Kompas, Tempo, and others. Results of the study indicate that the direct regional head elections failed to improve public welfare in the regions, and are busy recovering.
Co-Authors Amaral, Adolmando Soares I Putu Yoga Bumi Pradana Jailani, Safiruddin Laurensius Petrus Sayrani M. Martins5, Leonito Mohammad Hidayaturrahman Nahak, Martinus Petu, Vitalis Rijoly, Jacobus Cliff Diky Sugiantiningsih, Anak Agung Putu Theny Intan Berlian Kurniati Pah