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All Journal Lensa: Jurnal Kependidikan Fisika
Aini, Hikmah
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Astronomy Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Physics

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Analysis of Students’ Cognitive Conceptual Understanding on Temperature and Heat Material Using a Four-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Test Aini, Hikmah; Sabani, Sabani; Solikin, Solikin; Manik, Krisdayanti; Harahap, Resti Amelya; Putri, Rita Ivanka Pratama; Sibagariang, Selpi Andryani Br.
Lensa: Jurnal Kependidikan Fisika Vol 13, No 1: June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/j-lkf.v13i1.15822

Abstract

Persistent misconceptions about temperature and heat often undermine students’ progress in thermodynamics.  This study therefore analysed Grade-11 learners’ conceptual understanding of these topics using a Four-Tier Multiple-Choice Diagnostic Test, an instrument that registers answer correctness, explanatory reasoning, and confidence on both selections.  A descriptive quantitative design was adopted.  Thirty students from class XI-34 of SMAN 3 Medan completed a five-item test that had been validated by experts and piloted for clarity; psychometric checks on the study sample confirmed good reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.88) and adequate item validity (four of five items met the r-table criterion).  Responses were coded into four epistemic categories—Understands Concept (UC), Lacks Knowledge (LK), Misconception (MC), and Error (E)—and analysed. Findings show that overall achievement averaged 30 %, with individual scores ranging from 0 % to 80 %.  Across the entire data set, only 27.3 % of responses were classified as UC, while 19.8 % fell into LK, 45.3 % into MC, and 8.0 % into E.  Item-level analysis revealed that the highest misconception rate (73.3 %) occurred on the question concerning the effect of temperature on objects, whereas the phase-change item yielded the strongest understanding (46.7 % UC, 20 % MC).  These results confirm that misconceptions—especially the conflation of heat with temperature—constitute the principal barrier to coherent learning in this cohort. The study underscores the diagnostic power of four-tier instruments and recommends their wider use across other physics domains, enabling teachers to design confidence-sensitive interventions that directly target high-certainty errors and reinforce fragile correct ideas.
Ethnophysics Literature Study of “Tarik Tambang” and “Balap Karung” in the Application of Newton's Law Physics Concepts Simangunsong, Rufasa Mutia Salwa; Aini, Hikmah; Sari, Lindya; Silalahi, Jihan Syifa; Harahap, Nadia Ulfah; Sigiro, Welki Bahri; Panggabean, Deo Demonta
Lensa: Jurnal Kependidikan Fisika Vol 13, No 1: June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/j-lkf.v13i1.15876

Abstract

This study aims to examine the physics concepts embedded in the traditional Indonesian games Tarik Tambang (Tug of War) and Balap Karung (Sack Race) through the application of Newton’s Laws. Conducted within the framework of ethnophysics, the research seeks to bridge scientific principles with local wisdom to foster contextual and engaging physics learning for students. A qualitative approach utilizing literature review was employed, analyzing various scholarly sources related to traditional games and their underlying physical principles. The findings reveal that Tarik Tambang illustrates Newton’s Second Law of Motion and the role of static friction. The game demonstrates how the acceleration of the opposing team is determined by the net pulling force and total system mass, while static friction is essential for maintaining player balance and traction. Additionally, strategies such as placing heavier players at the back enhance force generation and overall team performance. In Balap Karung, Newton’s Third Law and momentum significantly influence participants’ movements. The forward propulsion results from the backward action force exerted by the feet, which is met with an equal and opposite ground reaction force. Momentum affects the stability and speed of the jump, and friction between the sack and ground determines the efficiency of motion. This research highlights the pedagogical potential of traditional games in physics education. By contextualizing Newtonian mechanics through culturally familiar activities, students can develop a more concrete understanding of physical laws. The study recommends incorporating such games into instructional strategies to promote meaningful and culturally responsive science learning.
Analysis of Students’ Cognitive Conceptual Understanding on Temperature and Heat Material Using a Four-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Test Aini, Hikmah; Sabani, Sabani; Solikin, Solikin; Manik, Krisdayanti; Harahap, Resti Amelya; Putri, Rita Ivanka Pratama; Sibagariang, Selpi Andryani Br.
Lensa: Jurnal Kependidikan Fisika Vol. 13 No. 1: June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/j-lkf.v13i1.15822

Abstract

Persistent misconceptions about temperature and heat often undermine students’ progress in thermodynamics.  This study therefore analysed Grade-11 learners’ conceptual understanding of these topics using a Four-Tier Multiple-Choice Diagnostic Test, an instrument that registers answer correctness, explanatory reasoning, and confidence on both selections.  A descriptive quantitative design was adopted.  Thirty students from class XI-34 of SMAN 3 Medan completed a five-item test that had been validated by experts and piloted for clarity; psychometric checks on the study sample confirmed good reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.88) and adequate item validity (four of five items met the r-table criterion).  Responses were coded into four epistemic categories—Understands Concept (UC), Lacks Knowledge (LK), Misconception (MC), and Error (E)—and analysed. Findings show that overall achievement averaged 30 %, with individual scores ranging from 0 % to 80 %.  Across the entire data set, only 27.3 % of responses were classified as UC, while 19.8 % fell into LK, 45.3 % into MC, and 8.0 % into E.  Item-level analysis revealed that the highest misconception rate (73.3 %) occurred on the question concerning the effect of temperature on objects, whereas the phase-change item yielded the strongest understanding (46.7 % UC, 20 % MC).  These results confirm that misconceptions—especially the conflation of heat with temperature—constitute the principal barrier to coherent learning in this cohort. The study underscores the diagnostic power of four-tier instruments and recommends their wider use across other physics domains, enabling teachers to design confidence-sensitive interventions that directly target high-certainty errors and reinforce fragile correct ideas.
Ethnophysics Literature Study of “Tarik Tambang” and “Balap Karung” in the Application of Newton's Law Physics Concepts Simangunsong, Rufasa Mutia Salwa; Aini, Hikmah; Sari, Lindya; Silalahi, Jihan Syifa; Harahap, Nadia Ulfah; Sigiro, Welki Bahri; Panggabean, Deo Demonta
Lensa: Jurnal Kependidikan Fisika Vol. 13 No. 1: June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/j-lkf.v13i1.15876

Abstract

This study aims to examine the physics concepts embedded in the traditional Indonesian games Tarik Tambang (Tug of War) and Balap Karung (Sack Race) through the application of Newton’s Laws. Conducted within the framework of ethnophysics, the research seeks to bridge scientific principles with local wisdom to foster contextual and engaging physics learning for students. A qualitative approach utilizing literature review was employed, analyzing various scholarly sources related to traditional games and their underlying physical principles. The findings reveal that Tarik Tambang illustrates Newton’s Second Law of Motion and the role of static friction. The game demonstrates how the acceleration of the opposing team is determined by the net pulling force and total system mass, while static friction is essential for maintaining player balance and traction. Additionally, strategies such as placing heavier players at the back enhance force generation and overall team performance. In Balap Karung, Newton’s Third Law and momentum significantly influence participants’ movements. The forward propulsion results from the backward action force exerted by the feet, which is met with an equal and opposite ground reaction force. Momentum affects the stability and speed of the jump, and friction between the sack and ground determines the efficiency of motion. This research highlights the pedagogical potential of traditional games in physics education. By contextualizing Newtonian mechanics through culturally familiar activities, students can develop a more concrete understanding of physical laws. The study recommends incorporating such games into instructional strategies to promote meaningful and culturally responsive science learning.
Co-Authors Harahap, Nadia Ulfah Harahap, Resti Amelya Manik, Krisdayanti Putri, Rita Ivanka Pratama Sabani Sabani, Sabani Sari, Lindya Sembiring, Rinawati Sibagariang, Selpi Andryani Br. Sigiro, Welki Bahri Silalahi, Jihan Syifa Simangunsong, Rufasa Mutia Salwa Solikin Solikin Solikin Solikin