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All Journal Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science
Rikhaturhohmah, Rikhaturhohmah
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Medicine & Pharmacology

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Optimasi Waktu Ekstraksi Dengan Metode Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) Terhadap Kandungan Senyawa Flavonoid dan Fenolik Daun Kayu Bulan (Pisonia alba Span.) Firdausia, Rizqa Salsabila; Pratama, Nofran Putra; Kurniawati, Endah; Ervany, Irrena; Wibisono, Dika Irawan; Rikhaturhohmah, Rikhaturhohmah; Ardianto, Lisman Septa
Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi Universitas Mandala Waluya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35311/jmpi.v11i1.715

Abstract

Daun kayu bulan (Pisonia alba Span.) merupakan tanaman hias yang diketahui memiliki kemanfaatan sebagai antioksidan yang diperankan oleh metabolit sekunder antara lain flavonoid dan fenolik. Kedua senyawa tersebut dapat diperoleh dengan cara ekstraksi salah satunya dengan metode Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). Untuk mendapatkan senyawa yang diinginkan secara maksimal, diperlukan adanya suatu optimasi salah satunya terhadap waktu. Pada penelitian ini, ekstraksi sampel dilakukan dengan metode UAE menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% dengan variasi 6 waktu ekstraksi yaitu 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 dan 90 menit. Hasil ekstrak diuji terhadap kandungan flavonoid dan fenolik dengan metode KLT dan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Berdasarkan analisa kualitatif dengan KLT diperoleh pada seluruh ekstrak mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan fenolik dengan nilai Rf 0,5875 dan 0,6375 secara berurutan. Pada analisa kuantitatif, adanya perbedaan pada kadar flavonoid dan fenolik dengan adanya perbedaan waktu ekstraksi. Waktu ekstraksi yang menghasilkan kadar tertinggi baik pada flavonoid maupun fenolik adalah 45 menit dengan kadar berturut-turut 6,345 ± 0,009 mg QE/gram dan 15,6438 ± 0,0199 mg GAE/gram. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa 45 menit merupakan waktu ekstraksi optimum ekstraksi daun kayu bulan dengan metode UAE.
Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) Parameters of Clitoria ternatea L. Using Response Surface Methodology: Effects on Phytochemical Content and UV-Protective Activity Firdausia, Rizqa Salsabila; Rusydan, Azka Muhammad; Rikhaturhohmah, Rikhaturhohmah; Lastanti, Eka Sepfiya Harya; Azizah, Nayla Nur Alfina; Dhanty, Tyas Eka Rama; Sari, Kurnia Rahayu Purnomo
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v6i2.30038

Abstract

Solar radiation includes ultraviolet (UV) rays that can induce adverse effects on the skin due to increasing environmental exposure. Sunscreen application is an effective approach to prevent UV-related skin damage, and natural products rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds have gained attention as alternative photoprotective agents. This study aimed to determine the optimal UAE conditions for Clitoria ternatea flower to achieve maximum secondary metabolite content and UV-protective activity, evaluated through total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), Sun Protection Factor (SPF), percentage of erythema transmission (%Te), and pigmentation transmission (%Tp). Optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken Design generated by Design-Expert® software version 13, involving three independent variables and 15 experimental runs. Phytochemical screening confirmed that all extract batches contained phenolic and flavonoid compounds. RSM analysis successfully identified the optimal extraction parameters at a solid-to-solvent ratio of 14.51, an ethanol–water solvent ratio of 100:0, and an extraction time of 60 minutes. Under these conditions, the predicted responses were 38.37 mg GAE/g extract for TPC, 44.05 mg QE/g extract for TFC, an SPF value of 17.31, %Te of 1.40%, and %Tp of 2.02%. These findings demonstrate that optimized UAE enhances the recovery of bioactive compounds and improves the UV-protective potential of Clitoria ternatea flower extract, supporting its application as a natural sunscreen agent.
Co-Authors Ardianto, Lisman Septa Azizah, Nayla Nur Alfina Dhanty, Tyas Eka Rama Endah Kurniawati Ervany, Irrena Lastanti, Eka Sepfiya Harya Pratama, Nofran Putra Rizqa Salsabila Firdausia Rusydan, Azka Muhammad Sari, Kurnia Rahayu Purnomo Wibisono, Dika Irawan