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A. Junaedi Karso

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Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Penerapan Kebijakan Artificial Intelligence, Digitalisasi dan Rasionalisasi Industri Asuransi oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan RI Karso, A. Junaedi
CENDEKIA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengkajian Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 7 (2025): CENDEKIA : Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Ilmiah, Juli 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/cendekia.v2i7.1465

To support the digitization of Artificial Intelligence in the life insurance industry, OJK Regulation Number 13/POJK.02/2018 was issued concerning Digital Financial Innovation in the Financial Services Sector. This regulation contains provisions that oversee the supervision and regulation of the digital financial industry that transforms in business processes and the provision of services to consumers by optimizing the use of digital tools," he said. Government support is a breath of fresh air for the insurance industry to develop its business towards digital or insurance technology (insurtech). Rationality in Investing As previously reported, the relaxation of the easing of the premium payment deadline is regulated in OJK Letter Number S-11/D.05/2020 dated March 30, 2020. In this regulation, the OJK provides relaxation for all insurance, reinsurance, sharia insurance, and sharia reinsurance companies to extend the deadline to policyholders for 4 months from the original 2 months from maturity. There are three important things to consider before choosing an insurance product. First, prospective policyholders need to map out what needs they want to cover by having an insurance product. The right insurance product is one that suits the needs of its policyholders. For this reason, prospective policyholders also need to understand what a product offers, namely: 1). Adjust needs; 2). Second, what needs to be considered is, the availability of additional services provided by the insurance company; 3) The reputation of the insurance company. The things that need to be considered if a health insurance claim is rejected by an insurance company, including: 1). Claims that do not meet the policy provisions; 2). Claims filed outside the provisions of the policy; 3). The policy is in a lapse condition; 4). Completeness of documents that are not fulfilled; (5). Claims are included in the exclusion; 6). The claim has not passed the waiting period.

IRAN-ISRAEL SALING SERANG HARGA MINYAK MENTAH MERANGKAK NAIK DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP EKONOMI RI Karso, A. Junaedi
SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah Vol. 2 No. 7 (2025): SINERGI : Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, Juli 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/sinergi.v2i7.1471

The shock of the conflict resurfaced after the Israeli military attacked Iran. The Iranian government is considering closing the Strait of Hormuz. The strait is the main route for shipping oil to and from the Persian Gulf. "Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq and Iran are completely locked in one small lane for exports," he said. As a result of the Israeli-Iranian attack, world crude oil prices continue to rise after the escalation of the conflict in the Middle East; (1). Brent crude oil prices are estimated to increase to 75 US dollars per barrel, up 2 percent; (2). The price of Brent oil fell to 69 US dollars per barrel after which the price rose again, above 70 US dollars per barrel; (3). The attack opens up the possibility of disruption of oil supply to various countries. The impact of the Israeli-Iranian war on the global economy: (1). Oil prices rise-Global logistics are stuck; (2). Israeli Panic Buying; (3). Iran that has sent a counterattack has made the Israeli government panic.; (4). Russia can profit; (5). The price of Brent crude oil as a global benchmark jumped from US$ 69.36 to US$ 75 per barrel; (6). International Flight Delays; (7). A number of international airlines canceled flights to Israel and avoided Middle Eastern airspace. Measuring the Impact of the Iran-Israel Conflict on the Indonesian Economy from the Escalation of the Israeli-Iranian Conflict, namely: (1). Brent crude oil prices recorded an increase of 0.21 percent to 87.29 US dollars per barrel, while West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil also increased by 0.5 percent to 83.14 US dollars per barrel; (2). For Indonesia, the rise in world oil prices means that the Government needs to rack its brains to hold the price of fuel oil (BBM) to remain affordable for the public. Indonesia's anticipation in overcoming the impact of the Iran-Israel conflict: (1). The government will not increase fuel prices until next June; (2). The Iran-Israel conflict remains indirectly impacted because the attack between the two countries occurred near the Strait of Hormuz, which is one of the crucial logistics routes; (2). This conflict is likely to confront the Government of Indonesia with two dilemmas, namely between being forced to increase fuel prices or adjusting the fuel subsidy budget to contain price spikes.

Perang Israel-Iran, Antisipasi Dampak Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia Karso, A Junaedi
Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipin Vol. 3 No. 7 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, Juli 2025
Publisher : Lumbung Pare Cendekia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60126/jim.v3i7.1151

Konflik bersenjata antara Iran dan Israel berpotensi menimbulkan gejolak ekonomi global, termasuk terhadap stabilitas ekonomi Indonesia. Ketergantungan Indonesia terhadap impor minyak dan bahan baku menjadikan negara ini rentan terhadap fluktuasi harga komoditas global, terutama saat harga minyak dunia diprediksi melampaui US$100 per barel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak potensial dari perang Iran–Israel terhadap perekonomian Indonesia serta mengkaji strategi mitigasi yang dapat dilakukan pemerintah. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur dari laporan lembaga nasional dan internasional, media kredibel, serta kajian kebijakan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dampak utama yang mungkin terjadi meliputi lonjakan inflasi akibat kenaikan harga energi dan pangan, pengetatan likuiditas akibat kenaikan suku bunga, serta potensi pelemahan nilai tukar rupiah. Untuk mengatasi risiko tersebut, diperlukan langkah strategis seperti menjaga stabilitas sektor keuangan, mengendalikan permintaan energi, mengoptimalkan distribusi pangan, serta memperkuat diplomasi internasional. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya respons kebijakan yang adaptif dan terkoordinasi dalam menghadapi eskalasi geopolitik yang berdampak pada perekonomian nasional.

Instrumen Keuangan Syariah Sebagai Solusi Investasi Halal Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Karso, A Junaedi
Jurnal Sains, Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi dan Hukum Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): SAINMIKUM : Jurnal Sains, Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi dan Hukum, Agustus 2025
Publisher : Lumbung Pare Cendekia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60126/sainmikum.v2i4.1152

Meningkatnya kesadaran umat Muslim terhadap pentingnya pengelolaan keuangan yang sesuai dengan prinsip syariah telah mendorong pertumbuhan signifikan terhadap permintaan investasi halal. Investasi syariah merupakan bentuk investasi yang dijalankan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip Islam, seperti larangan riba (bunga), gharar (ketidakpastian), dan maysir (perjudian), serta menekankan keadilan, transparansi, dan kebermanfaatan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi pustaka untuk mengkaji konsep, prinsip dasar, serta ragam instrumen keuangan syariah sebagai solusi berinvestasi secara halal. Sumber data meliputi literatur ilmiah, fatwa DSN-MUI, Al-Qur’an, serta dokumen resmi dan media daring yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa instrumen keuangan syariah, seperti deposito syariah, saham syariah, sukuk, emas, dan reksa dana syariah, tidak hanya menawarkan potensi keuntungan finansial, tetapi juga nilai keberkahan dan etika dalam praktiknya. Dukungan regulasi, inovasi teknologi, serta preferensi terhadap investasi berbasis prinsip ESG turut memperkuat daya tarik investasi halal di tengah dinamika ekonomi global. Dengan demikian, investasi syariah menjadi alternatif yang prospektif dan berkelanjutan bagi umat Muslim dalam mengelola keuangan secara Islami.

The Low Income of Lecturers Sparks a Worsening Crisis Among University Educators A. Junaedi Karso
International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): September : International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice
Publisher : Asosiasi Penelitian dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/ijlcj.v2i3.738

According to Law Number 6 of 2023, which stipulates a maximum of 40 working hours per week, a survey conducted by the Kompas Daily Data Journalism Team reveals that the average working hours of lecturers in Indonesia reach 69.64 hours per week throughout 2024. This data highlights a significant discrepancy between the legal provisions and the reality of lecturers' workloads. Despite the law setting limits, many lecturers at Indonesian state universities are facing workloads that far exceed the stipulated working hours. These workloads consist of teaching responsibilities, research, community service, campus administration, and even side jobs, making it clear that the working conditions for lecturers are far from ideal. Moreover, the low salaries, especially for lecturers in private universities, have severe implications not only on individual welfare but also on the broader educational system. The low income of lecturers contributes to a looming teaching crisis on campus, which will inevitably affect the quality of education and lecturer performance. This crisis is further reflected in public sentiment. Google Trend data shows a sharp increase in searches for the phrase "don't be a lecturer," reaching a peak of 100 at the end of January 2025, indicating a growing disillusionment with the profession. In addition, a staggering 76.5% of lecturers have side jobs outside of their academic duties. The most common side jobs include consulting (32.4%), teaching (18.9%), research (16.2%), and writing (2.7%). A smaller percentage (5.41%) are engaged in informal work, such as being online motorcycle taxi drivers. These figures reveal the heavy burden on lecturers to seek additional income, which ultimately compromises their focus and performance in their primary academic roles.

Corruption KPK Threatened to Not Be Captured Board Of Directors of State-Owned Enterprises A. Junaedi Karso
International Journal of Sociology and Law Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): August : International Journal of Sociology and Law
Publisher : Asosiasi Penelitian dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/ijsl.v2i3.737

The Law on State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) by the Indonesian House of Representatives on February 4, 2025 has been ratified, and then signed by President Prabowo Subianto on February 24, 2025, destroying the concept of who the state administrators are as regulated in Law Number 28 of 1999 concerning the Implementation of a Clean State Free from Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism.Law No. 1 of 2025 concerning BUMN, places the directors, commissioners, and supervisors of the state-owned company not as state administrators. This means that the Corruption Eradication Commission or KPK can no longer handle law enforcement in BUMN if corruption occurs, except for the Police, Prosecutor's Office and BPK (supervision), as stated in Article 3X of Law No. 1 of 2025, which states that: "The Agency's organs and employees are not state administrators. It is emphasized again in Article 9G: Members of the Board of Directors, Board of Commissioners, and Supervisory Board of BUMN are not state administrators". Meanwhile, financial supervision is still carried out by the Audit Board as stated in Article 3K: Audit of the management and financial responsibility of the Agency is carried out by the Audit Board. Although in the KPK Law, it is stated in Article 11 paragraph (1) that: "In carrying out the duties as referred to in Article 6 letter e, the Corruption Eradication Commission has the authority to conduct investigations, inquiries, and prosecutions against Corruption Crimes that: a. involve law enforcement officers, State Administrators, and other people related to Corruption Crimes committed by law enforcement officers or State Administrators; and/or b. involve state losses of at least IDR 1,000,000,000.00 (one billion rupiah)".Therefore, the Law Order, the KPK must submit and obey to carry it out, because the Law (UU) functions as a basic or principal rule for organizing the state, regulating society, a tool to limit power, and as a means of social renewal. The Law also functions to regulate life in society, the nation, and the state and is expected to be able to resolve various problems that exist in society.In fact, the impact of corruption in BUMN is no joke. The destruction of economic growth, state and community income can be disrupted which results in direct state losses, but leads to the potential for increasing poverty and the loss of the government's safety net in the form of declining quality of public services and investor confidence in Indonesia, etc.

Asuransi Syariah dalam Menopang Pemulihan Ekonomi Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perasuransian Karso, A. Junaedi
AKSIOMA : Jurnal Sains Ekonomi dan Edukasi Vol. 2 No. 7 (2025): AKSIOMA : Jurnal Sains, Ekonomi dan Edukasi
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/aksioma.v2i7.1468

In Indonesia, there is unit-linked sharia insurance. The governance of Islamic financial instruments tends to be considered better than conventional instruments. The sharia principle is the principle of Islamic law in insurance activities based on fatwas issued by institutions that have authority in determining fatwas in the field of sharia. Based on Law Number 40 of 2014, sharia insurance is a collection of agreements, consisting of agreements between sharia insurance companies (tijarah or buying and selling contracts) and policyholders as well as agreements between policyholders (tabarru' or social funds), in the context of contribution management. The basic principle of Islamic finance is that the economy of the people involves the participation of as many people as possible. "In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, investors tend to choose instruments that are safe from turmoil". Sharia insurance is an insurance model that follows the principles of sharia law (Islam) also known as takaful, where customers as insurance participants contribute with the tabarru' contract to help each other among participants who face disasters, or it can be said to be a risk sharing concept among participants. Sharia insurance runs within the framework of sharia law, which prohibits transactions by charging interest (riba), engaging in speculative transactions (gharar), and investing in morally and socially detrimental businesses (haram). Types of sharia insurance, namely: (1). Life Insurance; (2). Health Insurance; (3). Property Insurance; (4). Motor Vehicle Insurance; (5). Travel Insurance; (6). Sharia health insurance. The concept of sharia insurance: (1). Help through the concept of ta'awun by forming a collective fund for the common good; (2). Protect each other through the concept of takaful by providing protection in the form of compensation, reimbursement, or payment for the occurrence of a certain risk. Sharia insurance can help manage risks, namely: (1). Anticipation of various risks should be identified in advance; (2). Participation in insurance should be in accordance with the needs and financial capabilities of each individual; (3). Forming an investment fund for future plans.

CASES OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE CRIME, MODES OF ONLINE GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN INDONESIA Karso, A. Junaedi
International Journal of Social Science Vol. 5 No. 2: Agustus 2025
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53625/ijss.v5i2.10966

During the 2016-2020 period, there were at least 5,200 cases of crimes against morality each year. According to Statistics Indonesia (BPS), the highest number of cases was reported in 2020, with a total of 6,872 cases. Cases of sexual violence, such as rape and child molestation, dominated during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to data from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI), there were 419 cases of children in conflict with the law (ABH) due to sexual violence in 2020. The National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan) noted that sexual molestation was the most common form of sexual violence against women in the personal sphere in 2020, accounting for 20.8% of all cases of sexual violence in the personal sphere throughout the year. The crime of sexual molestation is defined as a physical sexual assault, but not penetration. The Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (PPPA) recorded 10,247 cases of violence against women throughout 2021, of which 15.2% were sexual violence. Women and children are the most likely targets of these crimes. The total number of cases of gender-based violence (GBV) against women in the personal sphere reported to Komnas Perempuan reached 2,527 in 2021. Throughout 2021, there were 3,838 cases of violence against women reported to Komnas Perempuan. Of that number, the majority of victims were from Generation Z (born 1995-2010). The most common types of cases were: (1) Violence by ex-boyfriends, reaching 813 cases. This number is equivalent to 32.2% of the total KBG in the personal sphere reported to the National Commission on Violence Against Women; (2) Violence against wives, totaling 771 cases (30.5%), followed by violence in relationships, totaling 463 cases (18.3%), and violence against girls, totaling 212 cases (8.4%). (3) Violence by other perpetrators in personal relationships within the household, totaling 171 cases, violence by ex-husbands, totaling 92 cases, and violence against domestic workers, totaling 5 cases. Reports of violence received by the police in the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic were the highest since 2016. By gender, the majority of victims reporting violence in 2020 were male, at 58.67%, while female victims reported only 44.58%. The majority of sexual violence cases in Indonesia end without certainty. This is because 57% of sexual violence victims admit there is no resolution to their cases. The solutions are: (1) Paying the victim a sum of money. This is as stated by 39.9% of sexual violence victims; (2) 26.2% of victims eventually marry the perpetrator. Only 19.2% of victims successfully defend their sexual violence cases, resulting in the perpetrators ending up in prison.

The Potential Economic Impact of the India-Pakistan Conflict on Indonesia: A Growing Threat to Stability and Growth A. Junaedi Karso
Green Social: International Journal of Law and Civil Affairs Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): September : Green Social: International Journal of Law and Civil Affairs
Publisher : International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70062/greensocial.v2i3.224

The potential war between India and Pakistan poses significant risks to the Indonesian economy, as it is expected to exacerbate uncertainty in the global financial market. Such geopolitical tensions often trigger a ‘flight to safety,’ where capital flows shift to countries considered stable, leading to reduced foreign direct investment (FDI) in emerging markets like Indonesia. This scenario is likely to place additional pressure on Indonesia’s exchange rate, further destabilizing its financial position. One of the key impacts of the looming India-Pakistan war on Indonesia is its effect on monetary and fiscal management. The Indonesian government is already facing significant challenges, including managing a large amount of maturing debt and grappling with a growing budget deficit. The war would complicate these efforts, making it more difficult for the government to stabilize the economy and implement effective policies. Indonesia’s export sector will also be affected, as India and Pakistan are two of the country’s main trading partners, especially for key commodities like crude palm oil (CPO) and coal. India is Indonesia’s 4th largest export destination, accounting for approximately 9% of total exports, while Pakistan represents around 1.9%. Any disruption in trade with these countries, due to the war or political instability, could significantly hurt Indonesia’s export revenues and negatively affect industries reliant on these markets. Moreover, Indonesia is already facing challenges from the United States, which has imposed reciprocal tariffs worth 32% on Indonesian products. This trade tension, combined with the geopolitical instability from the India-Pakistan conflict, will add further strain to Indonesia’s trade balance. The combination of these factors could lead to slower economic growth, reduced investor confidence, and potentially higher inflation, as the country faces multiple external and internal economic pressures.

US-EU Trade War, Indonesian Exports Threatened to Be Dragged A. Junaedi Karso
International Journal of Law and Society Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): International Journal of Law and Society
Publisher : Asosiasi Penelitian dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/ijls.v2i3.748

The reciprocal tariff policy has a significant impact on a number of countries, including Indonesia. In this scheme, Indonesian non-oil and gas products are subject to a tariff of 32% when entering the US market. Such a high tariff places Indonesian exporters in a less competitive position compared to other countries that have more favorable trade arrangements with the United States. This condition becomes more complex when viewed in the broader context of the US-EU trade war, which creates uncertainty and turbulence in the global economy. Indonesian exports are affected both directly and indirectly. Indirect impacts can be seen from disruptions to the global supply chain, the slowdown in the world economy, and decreased global demand. As global production networks become increasingly interconnected, any disruption in major economies will ultimately suppress demand for Indonesian export commodities. This means that even if Indonesian products are not directly targeted, the ripple effects of global trade tensions will still hinder Indonesia’s export performance. For instance, reduced consumption in Europe and the US due to rising product prices and inflation will diminish market opportunities for Indonesian goods.On the other hand, direct impacts arise because several Indonesian products have been explicitly subjected to tariffs by the US government. These include textiles and textile products (TPT), electronics and their components, footwear, furniture, and palm oil (crude palm oil/CPO). Such tariffs significantly reduce Indonesia’s competitiveness in the US market, potentially leading to decreased export volumes, lower revenues for domestic industries, and job losses in export-oriented sectors. Furthermore, the policy also makes European products much more expensive in the US market, which worsens the global supply chain, increases logistics costs, triggers inflation, and escalates uncertainty in international trade.

Co-Authors Wahyudi Wahyudi

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