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Journal : journal of informatics and telecommunication engineering

Optimum Antenna Height for 5G Radio Networks Using the Spatial Multi-tier Microcell Method Mulyono, Mulyono; Oktaf B. Kharisma; Hasdi Radiles; Ahmad Faizal
JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Issues January 2025
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/jite.v8i2.12873

Abstract

The construction of macrocell towers in large numbers has become a concern for city governments in terms of aesthetics. In 5G network technology, with a higher operating frequency, the resulting coverage becomes smaller, allowing for a reduction in antenna height. This study aims to re-evaluate the optimum antenna height based on coverage proportion criteria. Coverage calculations were performed using the COST 231 Hata path loss model and the Kathrein 742215 antenna model. A cellular network with a coverage radius of less than 500 m can utilize an antenna height of 10 m, where the required transmission power tends to be low, such as 1-watt, and a downtilt angle of 0° is sufficient. As the required cell radius increases beyond 500 m, the antenna height also becomes higher, starting from 20 m, with transmission power ranging from 10-watts to 20-watts and a downtilt angle in the range of 6°. Research findings also indicate that previous methods for calculating antenna height overlooked overshooting in the subsequent tier areas. Based on this method, coverage can be adjusted by considering handover zones and overshooting beyond the first tier
Antenna Azimuth and Radius Optimization in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Based on Genetic Algorithms Mulyono Mulyono; Oktaf Brillian Kharisma; Hasdi Radiles
JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Issues July 2026
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/jite.v10i1.18416

Abstract

As cellular networks evolve into microcells or smaller ones, the number of sites required to serve an area will also increase, making network optimization impossible to perform manually. This study provides an overview of the implementation of Genetic Algorithms in solving radius and azimuth configuration problems for cell coverage. The main contribution of this study is the use of Fixed Step and Variable Step azimuth selection methods in the Genetic Algorithm coding process. This study also raises the issue of interference detection mechanisms in two adjacent cells. The problem presentation method uses a model with a measurable level of complexity by deriving from a homogeneously distributed layout model. This study uses Matlab in building an algorithm simulator and MapInfo in displaying the results visually. The results show that the proposed Variable Step method provides better optimization performance than the Fixed Step method, which was only able to resolve 62.5% of interference spots. To account for the stochastic nature of the Genetic Algorithm, the simulation was executed 10 independent times using identical parameter settings. Statistical evaluation indicates that the algorithm achieved an average fitness value of 59.40 with a standard deviation of 3.84, while requiring an average computational time of 635.41 seconds with a standard deviation of 9.23 seconds. Furthermore, the algorithm reached convergence at an average generation of 957.10 with a standard deviation of 34.98 generations. These results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits good stability across multiple runs, although it was unable to reach the global optimum in all simulations.