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Maurae, Perlin Nigel Valencia
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Options Maurae, Perlin Nigel Valencia; Hakim, Baiq Sheila Oktalia; Yuar, Alana Akmal
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10205

Abstract

AVMs involve complex hemodynamic disturbances, including vascular steal and venous hypertension, as well as molecular underpinnings such as mutations in the KRAS, ENG, or ALK1 genes that trigger dysregulation of angiogenesis and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). This literature review aims to comprehensively analyze the pathophysiological aspects, diagnosis, and current therapies for brain AVMs, including the development of targeted therapies such as MEK inhibitors and anti-VEGF, as well as their clinical implications in reducing bleeding risk and improving patient outcomes. This literature review was conducted using a systematic literature review method through searching scientific articles and references related to brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The results of the literature study show that brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital vascular abnormalities characterized by abnormal connections. With an incidence of 1.34 per 100,000 person-years, AVMs are often asymptomatic until complications arise, with bleeding being the primary presentation in 50% of cases. Diagnosis requires multimodal imaging (CT/MRI/DSA) and the Spetzler-Martin classification to assess therapeutic risk. Treatment includes a multimodal approach: microsurgery (effective for small, non-eloquent AVMs), radiosurgery (staged obliteration with risk of edema), and embolization (as adjuvant therapy). The discovery of genetic mutations (KRAS, ENG) and dysregulation of signaling pathways (TGF-β/VEGF) opens the door to targeted therapies such as MEK inhibitors or anti-VEGF. Multidisciplinary collaboration and an understanding of the molecular pathophysiology are key to improving patient outcomes. In conclusion, brain AVMs represent a complex clinical challenge that requires an integrated understanding of pathophysiology, accurate diagnosis, and risk-based therapeutic strategies.
Effectiveness of Sunscreen in Preventing Skin Problems Wibawa, Galang Edi; Yuar, Alana Akmal; Rahmawati, Fadila; Maurae, Perlin Nigel Valencia; Hakim, Baiq Sheila Oktalia; Bisa, Muhammad Rizky Yolanda; Paramadinda, Ni Made Ayu Mas Sista; Aulia, Siti Zahroni; Rabbani, Yaskuna Urfi
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10301

Abstract

Sunlight contains ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Low awareness of the importance of skin protection, as well as the perception that sunscreen use is incompatible with masculine image, is due to a lack of education. This paper aims to discuss the importance of sunscreen use as a preventive measure in maintaining skin health, especially in areas with high UV exposure such as NTB. The results of a literature study found that ultraviolet light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum originating from the sun. UVA, UVB, and UVC rays are the three types of these rays that may be distinguished by their wavelength. One of the major risk factors for developing skin cancer is exposure to UVA and UVB radiation. Sunscreen is one way to chemically protect the skin from the sun. Active ingredients in sunscreen have the ability to absorb, disperse, and reflect sunlight to provide the best possible protection for the skin. The chemical structure known as aromatic molecules conjugated with carbonyl groups is the mechanism of action of chemical sunscreens. The degree of hyperpigmentation is greatly impacted by proper sunscreen use. In conclusion, the public should be taught about the importance of wearing sunscreen in order to avoid the acute and long-term consequences of excessive UV exposure.
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA TERBARU SKELETAL TRAKSI : INDIKASI, TEKNIK, DAN PERANNYA DALAM PENANGANAN FRAKTUR Rabbani, Yaskuna Urfi; Qadri, Annisa Salsabila; Yuar, Alana Akmal; Rahmawati, Fadila; Wibawa, Galang Edi; Maurae, Perlin Nigel Valencia; Hakim, Baiq Sheila Oktalia; Surya, Muhammad Rizky Yolanda Biman; Paramadinda, Ni Made Ayu Mas Sista; Aulia, Siti Zahroni
Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): SEPTEMBER 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jkt.v6i3.49184

Abstract

Fraktur merupakan kondisi medis akibat patahnya tulang akibat trauma seperti kecelakaan lalu lintas, jatuh, atau cedera olahraga. Indonesia termasuk negara dengan jumlah kasus fraktur tertinggi di Asia Tenggara. Penanganan fraktur yang tidak tepat dapat menimbulkan komplikasi serius. Salah satu metode tatalaksana definitif yang digunakan adalah traksi skeletal, yakni teknik invasif yang menggunakan pin yang ditanamkan langsung ke tulang untuk menciptakan gaya tarik yang stabil. Tulisan ini bertujuan memberikan pemahaman menyeluruh mengenai indikasi, teknik, dan peran traksi skeletal dalam manajemen fraktur. Metode penulisan berbentuk tinjauan pustaka berdasarkan artikel jurnal nasional dan internasional yang relevan. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa skeletal traksi memiliki banyak manfaat seperti stabilisasi fraktur, mengurangi nyeri akibat spasme otot, hingga memfasilitasi tindakan pembedahan lebih lanjut. Tindakan ini memerlukan teknik yang tepat dan perawatan khusus untuk mencegah komplikasi seperti infeksi dan kerusakan neurovaskular. Oleh karena itu, pemahaman terhadap teknik pemasangan, indikasi, kontraindikasi, dan pelepasan sangat penting untuk meningkatkan hasil klinis pasien dengan fraktur.
Comparison of Effectiveness of Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy-Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (POEM-TIF) Compared with Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy (LHM) in the Management of Achalasia Qadri, Annisa Salsabila; Zahroni, Siti; Naradhea, Gede; Maurae, Perlin Nigel Valencia; Yolanda, Rizky; Mahasuary, Shaffany; Nabila, Aqilla Nasywa
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10374

Abstract

Achalasia is a condition characterized by the absence of lower esophageal peristalsis and the lower esophageal sphincter, resulting in incomplete relaxation and swallowing difficulties. This literature review aims to identify POEM-TIF as a modified technique that can be directly compared with LHM, currently considered the gold standard, to evaluate long-term effectiveness, safety, and quality of life in postoperative patients. The article was compiled using a literature review method. The literature used was selected based on inclusion criteria, namely articles relevant to achalasia, Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM), and Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy (LHM). The literature review found that achalasia is a rare condition with a global prevalence ranging from 1.8 to 12.6 per 100,000 people per year. As understanding of the pathophysiology of achalasia increases, various treatment options have evolved. The latest technique, Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM), offers the advantage of being less invasive and having a higher success rate for type III achalasia compared to LHM. However, POEM has the same drawbacks, namely a higher incidence of postoperative GERD compared to LHM. This latest research developed a modification of POEM therapy known as POEM-TIF, a combination of POEM and Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF). The addition of Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF) as an additional procedure can help reduce reflux symptoms and improve patients' quality of life by creating a more effective barrier between the stomach and esophagus. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of LHM compared to POEM-TIF, which has anti-reflux properties, is crucial for in-depth study considering the impact of achalasia on quality of life.
Co-Authors Aulia, Siti Zahroni Bisa, Muhammad Rizky Yolanda Hakim, Baiq Sheila Oktalia Mahasuary, Shaffany Nabila, Aqilla Nasywa Naradhea, Gede Paramadinda, Ni Made Ayu Mas Sista Qadri, Annisa Salsabila Rabbani, Yaskuna Urfi Rahmawati, Fadila Rizky Yolanda Surya, Muhammad Rizky Yolanda Biman Wibawa, Galang Edi Yuar, Alana Akmal Zahroni, Siti