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CURRENT DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CROHN’S DISEASE: A LITERATURE-BASED REVIEW Pambudi, Novanda Ayu Dila Putri; Siregar, Chivan Agustinus; Santoso, Arysatya Syandana Ararya; Sari, Padmi Kartika; Rachman, Amanda Azkiyah; Hudhori, Syalsa; Muharis, Nihal Ahmad
Mandala Of Health Vol 18 No 2 (2025): Mandala of Health: A Scientific Journal
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.mandala.2025.18.2.17307

Abstract

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with increasing global incidence, shifting from a predominantly Western condition to a rising burden in Asia and other developing regions. Diagnosis requires a multimodal approach, integrating history, laboratory testing, endoscopy with validated activity scores, histopathology, and imaging such as magnetic resonance enterography or intestinal ultrasound. The 2024 ECCO guidelines emphasize fecal biomarkers like calprotectin as non-invasive monitoring tools within a treat-to-target strategy. Management includes pharmacological therapy (corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biologics, and novel small molecules), non-pharmacological measures (exclusive enteral nutrition, micronutrient supplementation, and diet modification), and surgery for refractory strictures, perforations, or complex fistulas. Beyond physical symptoms, Crohn’s disease carries a significant psychosocial burden, underscoring the need for nutritional and psychological support. Despite therapeutic advances, no curative treatment exists. Future research should focus on identifying more accurate biomarkers, improving accessibility to advanced therapies in low-resource settings, and exploring innovative approaches such as precision medicine, microbiota-targeted therapy, and genetic-based interventions.
ADHD in Children: Comprehensive Review of Symptom Manifestations, Predisposing Factors, Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Clinical Interventions Muharis, Nihal Ahmad; Elizar, Lale Justin Amelinda
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10076

Abstract

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are inappropriate for developmental level. This disorder has a significant impact on children's academic, social, and emotional development. This article presents a literature review of risk factors, diagnosis, and management of ADHD in children based on published scientific sources spanning 5 to 10 years. The method used is a systematic literature review of national and international journals. The results of the study indicate that ADHD has a multifactorial etiology and requires an integrated approach to treatment, combining pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. A comprehensive understanding of ADHD is essential to support effective early intervention.