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All Journal Al-MARSHAD: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan SINTHOP: Media Kajian Pendidikan, Agama, Sosial dan Budaya
Qiromi, Nur Mahmudi
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Istihsan in Determination of the Lunar Month: Jurisprudential Flexibility for Harmonizing the Ummah Ananda Sy, Geubrina Rizky; Qiromi, Nur Mahmudi; Mahsun, Mahsun; Tajrid, Amir
Sinthop: Media Kajian Pendidikan, Agama, Sosial dan Budaya Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): January-June
Publisher : Lembaga Aneuk Muda Peduli Umat, Bekerjasama dengan LaKaspia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69548/sinthop.v4.i1.33.123-135

Abstract

This article examines the role of Istihsan as a method of Islamic jurisprudential flexibility in determining Islamic law, particularly regarding the beginning of the lunar month, and reviews the positions of the four prominent schools of jurisprudence (Hanafi, Maliki, Hanbali, and Shafi'i) toward its application. Istihsan, which etymologically means "considering something better," remains a debated method of ijtihad among Islamic jurisprudence scholars (ushuliyyin), although still practically utilized. This study aims to explore how Istihsan functions as a jurisprudential catalyst in the application of astronomical science (Ilmu Falak), especially concerning the determination of lunar months, offering potential solutions for harmonizing differences among the Muslim community. Employing descriptive qualitative methods, the study uses primary sources from fiqh documentation related to Istihsan and astronomy, supplemented by secondary literature. The findings indicate that the Hanafi, Maliki, and some Hanbali scholars accept Istihsan with varying definitions and practical implementations. In contrast, the Shafi'i school rejects Istihsan, considering it as a form of subjective ijtihad lacking strong scriptural justification. Nevertheless, Istihsan serves as a foundation for jurisprudential flexibility, enabling Islamic law to effectively respond to contemporary challenges. Specifically, Istihsan acts as a bridge between the hisab (astronomical calculations) and rukyat (direct lunar observation) methods. It provides adaptive and maslahah-oriented solutions, such as prioritizing hisab in cases of doubtful rukyat, or vice versa, prioritizing rukyat to maintain unity within the community. Practically, Istihsan is exemplified through the Indonesian government's isbat sessions, which require integrated collaboration among scholars, astronomers, and government institutions, always maintaining compliance with definitive (qath'i) texts and public welfare (maslahah mursalah).
Shari'ah Standardization of Astrophotography for Rukyatul Hilal Zain, Muhammad Fajri Kholili; Ubaidi, Muh. Izzat; Qiromi, Nur Mahmudi; Izzuddin, Ahmad; Hambali, Slamet
Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Vol 11, No 2 (2025): Al-Marshad
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/jam.v11i2.24963

Abstract

The development of rukyatul hilal technology is growing very fast, one of them is the astrophotography technique used to take an image of the hilal so that it becomes a photo that can be seen many times. However, we need to know that the determination of the beginning of the qamariyah month is not entirely dependent on science, but what determines whether or not an image is accepted as the basis for changing the qamariyah month is in the realm of shari'a (fiqh). Problems arise related to the acceptance of astrophotography images as a basis for determining the change of qamariyah months in fiqh, and if it is allowed whether there are certain conditions in it. This research was written using the literature study method by tracing the rules of fiqh in classical and contemporary Islamic sources, which were then analyzed deductively in order to formulate a regulation. With this method, it was found that the use of astrophotography in rukyatul hilal is allowed. However, in order for the image to be accepted as the basis for proof, three (3) conditions must be fulfilled.
Co-Authors Ahmad Izzuddin Amir Tajrid Ananda Sy, Geubrina Rizky Mahsun Mahsun Slamet Hambali Ubaidi, Muh. Izzat Zain, Muhammad Fajri Kholili