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FOUR Score sebagai Alternatif dalam Menilai Derajat Keparahan dan Memprediksi Mortalitas pada Pasien Cedera Otak Traumatik yang Diintubasi Airlangga, Prananda Surya; Hamzah, Hamzah; Santosa, Dhania Anindita; Subiantoro, Andri
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 9, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : https://snacc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/fall/Intl-news3.html

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (8674.151 KB) | DOI: 10.24244/jni.v9i3.280

Abstract

Skala yang mengukur koma yang ideal seharusnya bersifat linear, reliabel, valid, dan mudah digunakan. Berbagai macam skala telah dikembangkan dan divalidasi untuk mengevaluasi tingkat kesadaran secara cepat, derajat penyakit, dan prognosis terhadap morbiditas maupun mortalitas. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) merupakan alat pemeriksaan tingkat kesadaran yang paling sering digunakan dan dijadikan gold standard, namun GCS mempunyai keterbatasan karena pasien yang diintubasi tidak dapat dinilai komponen verbal. Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) score dikembangkan untuk mengatasi berbagai keterbatasan GCS. Pemeriksaan FOUR score adalah skala penilaian klinis dalam penilaian pasien dengan gangguan tingkat kesadaran. FOUR score lebih sederhana dan memberikan informasi yang lebih baik, terutama pada pasien cedera otak traumatik yang diintubasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa GCS dan FOUR score memiliki nilai prediksi yang tinggi tidak hanya kematian pada pasien trauma tetapi juga luaran pada pasien yang dipulangkan. Studi multicentre menunjukkan FOUR score dan GCS tidak berbeda dalam memprediksi kematian di rumah sakit. Studi tersebut menyarankan bahwa FOUR score dapat menjadi alat diagnostik yang lebih baik untuk menilai refleks batang otak dan pola pernapasan. Namun penelitian lain didapatkan juga hasil yang bertentangan antara GCS dan FOUR score dalam prediksi luaran pasien. Adanya kontradiksi tersebut menunjukkan perlunya dilakukan lebih banyak studi. Oleh karena itu, telaah literatur ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk membandingkan skor GCS dan FOUR dalam memprediksi mortalitas pasien trauma.FOUR Score as an Alternative in Assessing the Degree of Severity and Predicting Mortality in Intubated Traumatic Brain Injury PatientsAbstractThe ideal consciousness scoring scale must be linear, reliable, valid, and user-friendly. There is a need to develop and validate a scale to quickly evaluate the level of consciousness, the severity of the disease, and the prognosis of morbidity and mortality. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is the most commonly used tool to assess the level of consciousness and is considered the gold standard. However, GCS has several limitations, such as inability to evaluate verbal components in intubated patients. To overcome these challenges, researchers developed the Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) score. FOUR scores is a clinical grading scale to assess the altered state of consciousness. FOUR scores is simpler and able to provide better information, especially in intubated-traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Some studies showed that GCS and FOUR scores have the high predictive value in predicting not only the mortality of trauma patients but also the outcome of discharged patients. A multicentre study showed that FOUR scores and GCS do not differ in predicting inpatient mortality. This study suggested that the FOUR scores could be a better diagnostic tool for assessing brainstem reflexes and breathing patterns. Unfortunately, some studies have found conflicting results between GCS and FOUR scores in predicting patient outcomes. These contradictions suggest the need to conduct more studies. Therefore, this literature review will compare GCS and FOUR scores in predicting mortality of TBI patients.
Epilepsy or Eclampsia in Differential Diagnosis of Recurrent Seizures in Pregnancy Aisyiyah Bojonegoro Hospital: A Diagnostic Dilemma? A Case Report Khaidar, Reyfal; Fitri, Wafa Sofia; Sania, Hen; Rahman, Mafida Wida; Modjo, Annisa Afiyatushsholihah; Subiantoro, Andri; Indriani, Ratri Dwi; Zammara, Abdurrahman; Ridho, Muhammad Ainur Rosyid
Journal of Medicine and Health Technology Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j30466865.v1i2.1196

Abstract

Seizures in pregnancy can lead to adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, often arising from various factors necessitating clear diagnosis for effective therapy. Concurrent occurrence of multiple causative factors can complicate diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. We present a case of a 32-week pregnant woman with poorly managed epilepsy who experienced eclampsia and recurrent seizures. Treatment involved multiple medications and emergency cesarean delivery with meticulous blood pressure control. Close monitoring and therapy adjustment were crucial. Managing seizures in such cases poses a dilemma, necessitating initial focus on airway, breathing, and circulation stabilization. Immediate delivery of a viable fetus and maternal health maintenance are paramount. Anesthetic goals encompass seizure and blood pressure control, hemodynamic stability, and intensive care support for potential complications. While eclampsia is a significant factor, seizures in pregnancy may arise from diverse causes, demanding early diagnosis and tailored treatment for optimal patient outcomes.
Anesthetic Management for Urgent Caesarean Section in Patient with Uncontrolled Hyperthyroidism and Severe Mitral Regurgitation Khaidar, Reyfal; Subiantoro, Andri; Sugiharto, Wahyu; Prasiska, Tomy Oky
Solo Journal of Anesthesi, Pain and Critical Care (SOJA) Vol 3, No 2 (2023): October 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/soja.v3i2.64451

Abstract

Background :The prevalence of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy approximately 0.05% to 3% and mostly caused by Graves’ Disease (GD). The prevalence of Hyperthyroid Heart Disease (HHD) in pregnancy is 3.87%. Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism during pregnancy can increase maternal and fetal mortality. We report a case of a pregnant woman with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism and severe mitral regurgitation that underwent cesarean section with spinal anesthesia for delivery.Case Illustration :A 33 years-old patient G4P1A2 visited the Obstetric-Gynecology outpatient clinic at our hospital at 23 weeks of gestation (WoG) due to uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by GD that diagnosed 3 years ago and shortness of breath. The echocardiography test obtained severe mitral regurgitation and left atrial dilatation with 58% LVEF. It was decided to maintain the pregnancy till the fetus is viable while still monitoring the patient’s condition. At 32 WoG, the patient came to the ED due to shortness of breath, chest pain, and nausea. Fetal movement and fetal heart rate (FHR) were within normal limits. The patient was given a nasal cannula at 3 liters/minute, extra furosemide 20 mg, and fetal lung maturation with dexamethasone injection. The patient was prepared for termination by cesarean section. Spinal anesthesia was performed in a sitting position using a 27 G spinal needle. Inserted at L 3-4, using a low dose of heavy bupivacaine 0.5% 7.5 mg combined with 25 g fentanyl and 0.1 mg morphine intrathecally. C-section was successfully performed and hemodynamics during surgery was stable, resulting the delivery of a preterm baby who weighed 1.9 kg at birth and the baby was transferred to the NICU for further treatment.Conclusion : Spinal anesthesia with low dose bupivacaine combined with opioids for cesarean section was revealed maternal and neonate safe.