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All Journal AMPLITUDO: Journal of Science & Technology Innovation Journal of Material Science and Radiation
Pah, Lim Kean
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Influence of Carbon Nanotubes in Improving the Superconducting and Structural Properties of Bulk Bi-2212 Synthesis by Thermal Treatment Method Sukor, Safia Izzati Abd; Kechik, Mohd Mustafa Awang; Kamarudin, Aliah Nursyahirah; Shaari, Abdul Halim; Kien, Chen Soo; Pah, Lim Kean; Shariff, Khairul Khaizi Mohd; Shabdin, Muhammad Kashfi; Yaakob, Yazid; Karim, Muhammad Khalis Abdul; Doyan, Aris
AMPLITUDO : Journal of Science and Technology Innovation Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): August
Publisher : Balai Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56566/amplitudo.v3i2.224

Abstract

Bi-2212 superconductor has garnered significant interest in recent years due to its potential applications in the development of superconducting wires and tapes. The effect of introducing carbon nanotubes (CNT) into the Bi-2212 system was investigated in terms of superconducting and structural properties. The results of this study indicated that the addition of CNTs had a notable effect on the phase formation of Bi-2212,  with a substantial increase from 86.8% to 97.4% for the sample with a weight percentage of 0.8 wt.%.  This can be attributed to the improved particle orientation brought about by the introduction of CNTs.  The microstructure analysis displayed randomly distributed grains of irregular shapes, with a reduced average grain size of 1.018 μm upon the addition of 0.4 wt.% CNTs. Additionally, the inclusion of CNTs led to an increase in the Tc value, with the maximum Tc-onset recorded at 79 K for the sample containing 0.6 wt.% CNTs.  In summary CNT has enhanced the structural  and the superconducting properties of the Bi-2212 synthesised with thermal treatment method.
Comparative Study of Y123 Superconductors Synthesized Under Open Air and Oxygen Flow Conditions Kamarudin, Aliah Nursyahirah; Kechik, Mohd Mustafa Awang; Khairudin, Muhammad Azri; Kien, Chen Soo; Pah, Lim Kean; Shabdin, Muhammad Kashfi; Shaari, Abdul Halim
Journal of Material Science and Radiation Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Balai Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56566/jmsr.v1i3.426

Abstract

YBa₂Cu₃O₇₋δ (Y123) superconductors is a widely studied high-temperature superconductor due to its high critical temperature, Tc and strong flux pinning properties. In this study, Y123 samples were synthesized via a thermal treatment method under two sintering conditions which were open air and oxygen flow. Structural, microstructural, and superconducting properties were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and AC susceptibility measurements. XRD analysis revealed that all Y123 samples exhibited predominantly Y123 phase with orthorhombic structure, with minor secondary phases. The Y123 sample prepared in an open-air condition exhibited larger grain size (0.698 µm), lower porosity, and fewer impurities compared to sample prepared in the oxygen flow condition. AC susceptibility showed a higher Tc-onset exhibited at 92.1 K in the open-air sample, indicating better grain connectivity. These results suggest that open-air sintering offers a simpler, cost-effective route for enhancing Y123 superconductor performance.
Influence of Sintering Temperature on Phase Formation and Superconducting Properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ via Thermal Treatment Method Khaidir , Rahayu Emilia Mohamed; Kamarudin, Aliah Nursyahirah; Awang Kechik, Mohd Mustafa; Kien, Chen Soo; Pah, Lim Kean; Shabdin, Muhammad Kashfi; Karim, Muhammad Khalis Abdul; Doyan, Aris; Shaari, Abdul Halim
Journal of Material Science and Radiation Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Balai Publikasi Indonesia

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Abstract

High-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi-2212) was successfully prepared using a thermal treatment method, starting with nitrate-based precursors. This study focused on how different sintering temperatures affect the material’s critical temperature, Tc. The process began with a pre-calcination step at 600 °C for 12 hours, followed by calcination at 820 °C for 24 hours. After that, the powder was pressed into pellets and sintered at 830 °C, 840 °C, 850 °C, and 860 °C, each for 24 hours. The Tc-onset values increased with sintering temperature, reaching 50 K at 830 °C, 65 K at 840 °C, and 78 K at 850 °C. SEM images showed closely packed, flake-like grains around 2 μm in size, while XRD analysis confirmed that the sample sintered at 850 °C had the highest Bi-2212 phases as a major phase. Thus, this work outlines the practical steps of the thermal treatment approach and shows how adjusting the sintering temperature can significantly influence the superconducting performance and phase formation of Bi-2212
Effect of SnO2 Addition on YBCO Superconducting Properties through Thermal Treatment Method Kamarudin, Aliah Nursyahirah; Yeow, Tan Kar; Kechik, Mohd Mustafa Awang; Kien, Chen Soo; Pah, Lim Kean; Shabdin, Muhammad Kashfi; Hapipi, Nurhidayah Mohd; Karim, Muhammad Khalis Abdul; Doyan, Aris; Hong, Yap Siew; Shaari, Abdul Halim
Journal of Material Science and Radiation Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Balai Publikasi Indonesia

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Abstract

In this study, YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) superconductors were synthesized using a thermal treatment method with the addition of 1.0 wt. % SnO₂. The synthesis of YBCO employed nitrate-based precursors and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent to enhance homogeneity during the synthesis process. All samples were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Four-point probe (4PP). TGA results of the pure YBCO sample confirmed the complete transformation of nitrate-based precursors into oxide forms prior to the formation of the YBCO phase. XRD pattern revealed that Y123 as a major phase and Y124 as a minor phase in all samples with orthorhombic crystal structure were preserved. However, the peak intensity of the Y123 was pronounced with the addition of the SnO2 sample, suggesting the enhancement phase formation due to the presence of SnO₂. The electrical resistivity measures revealed a sharp superconducting transition in all samples. However, the reduction in superconducting transition temperatures for the SnO2 addition were observed where the Tc-onset decreased from 91.70 K to 89.25 K for the YBCO and YBCO + 1.0 wt.% of SnO2, respectively. This also exhibited the broadening of transition width, ΔTc indicating the suppression of superconducting properties with SnO₂ inclusion. SEM analysis showed notable differences in microstructure. The pure YBCO sample exhibited a larger average grain size of 1.32 µm, while the YBCO + 1.0 wt. % SnO2 sample formed small and rounded grains with smoother edges, potentially impacting intergranular connectivity and charge transport. Therefore, the addition of 1.0 wt. % SnO2 to YBCO enhanced the formation of the Y123 phase but adversely affected the superconducting transition temperature and microstructural features. These findings highlight the dual role of SnO2 in promoting phase purity while modifying grain morphology and electrical performance, offering insight into the optimization of dopants in high-temperature superconductors
A Modified Thermal Decomposition Approach for The Synthesis of Phase-Pure YBa₂Cu₃O₇−δ Superconductor Dzul-Kifli, Nur Athirah Che; Zakaria, Nurul Zafirah; Kechik, Mohd Mustafa Awang; Kien, Chen Soo; Pah, Lim Kean; Shaari, Abdul Halim; Shabdin, Muhammad Kashfi; Doyan, Aris; Hong, Yap Siew; Hapipi, Nur Hidayah Mohd
Journal of Material Science and Radiation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Balai Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56566/jmsr.v2i1.694

Abstract

High temperature superconductor of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (Y-123) has been synthesised using the modified thermal decomposition method (MTD). In this work, a pure Y-123 sample is produced using an acetate-based material as a precursor and sintered at 980 oC. The study on the phase formation, superconducting properties and microstructural characteristics of pure Y-123 was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), four-point probe (4PP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a single-phase orthorhombic Y-123 crystal structure with an orthorhombicity of 0.008, indicating high phase purity without detectable impurity phases. Electrical measurements revealed a sharp superconducting transition with a critical onset temperature, Tc-onset of 97.3. SEM observations showed plate-like grains with an average grain size of 2.25 µm and good grain connectivity. These results demonstrate that the modified thermal decomposition technique is an effective approach for producing phase-pure YBCO superconductors with excellent structural and superconducting properties, highlighting its potential for advanced superconducting applications
Co-Authors Aris Doyan Awang Kechik, Mohd Mustafa Dzul-Kifli, Nur Athirah Che Hapipi, Nur Hidayah Mohd Hapipi, Nurhidayah Mohd Hong, Yap Siew Kamarudin, Aliah Nursyahirah Karim, Muhammad Khalis Abdul Kechik, Mohd Mustafa Awang Khaidir , Rahayu Emilia Mohamed Khairudin, Muhammad Azri Kien, Chen Soo Shaari, Abdul Halim Shabdin, Muhammad Kashfi Shariff, Khairul Khaizi Mohd Sukor, Safia Izzati Abd Yaakob, Yazid Yeow, Tan Kar Zakaria, Nurul Zafirah