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All Journal Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM)
Rajab, Muhammad Andy
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Medicine & Pharmacology

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Antioxidant Potential of the Asteraceae Family in Counteracting Free Radicals in Cigarette Smoke: An Overview Azali, Aulia Syafadilla; Rajab, Muhammad Andy; Lathifah, Sofiani; Akrom
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/4vbm3x10

Abstract

Cigarette smoke exposure triggers oxidative stress in the respiratory system through an increase in free radicals and a decrease in endogenous antioxidant activity, which contributes to lung damage and chronic diseases such as COPD and lung cancer. This study aims to investigate the potential of species from the Asteraceae family as a source of natural antioxidants in protecting the lungs and trachea from damage caused by exposure to free radicals in cigarette smoke. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with reference to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were conducted systematically through the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases until June 2025. The inclusion criteria included in vivo studies using Asteraceae plant extracts in animals with induced oxidative stress in the respiratory system, as well as involving the measurement of biomarkers such as MDA, GSH, SOD, and CAT. Of the 198 articles found, 10 articles met the criteria and included species such as Tridax procumbens, Chromolaena odorata, Pulicaria petiolaris, and Baccharis retusa. The results showed that these species had significant antioxidant activity through their flavonoid, polyphenol, and triterpenoid compound content. However, most studies did not use a direct cigarette smoke exposure model. In conclusion, the Asteraceae family has great potential as a source of natural antioxidants to protect the respiratory system from oxidative stress, although further research with more relevant exposure models is needed. Toxicology and metabolomics approaches are also needed to strengthen the evidence for practical application in the treatment of lung diseases caused by cigarette smoke.
Formulation Optimization and Antibacterial Activity of Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) Topical Gel Spray Against Staphylococcus aureus Using a Simplex Lattice Design Rajab, Muhammad Andy; Putri, Chintiana Nindya; Suryani, Arman; Salamah, Nina
Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia 
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi Universitas Mandala Waluya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35311/jmpi.v11i2.867

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis is skin inflammation in the form of dermatitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection. Citronella essential oil has the potential as an active ingredient in spray gel preparations to help overcome atopic dermatitis due to Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection. The aim is to determine the optimal spray gel formula from citronella essential oil (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The methods material optimized are Na-CMC, Propylene glycol, and tween 20. Evaluation of the preparation in the form of organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, drying time, spraying patterns, yeast mold numbers using the spread plate method, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria using the good diffusion method. The results of the concentration of Na-CMC: Propylene glycol: Tween 20 (0.27: 4.72: 10) produced an optimal preparation formula. The spray gel is milky white, has a distinctive lemongrass odor, and is slightly thick. The spray gel is homogeneous with a pH of 4.94 ± 0.16, a viscosity of 76.73 ± 7.01 cPs, and a drying time of 3.60 ± 0.40 minutes. The mold/yeast count test showed that the spray gel was free from mold/yeast contamination and was stable at storage temperatures of 4?C and 40?C. The results of antibacterial activity were able to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with an inhibition zone diameter of 6.85 mm ± 2.80. Conclusion: Na-CMC concentration of 0.27%, Propylene Glycol concentration of 4.72%, and Tween 20 concentration of 10% produced optimal spray gel and inhibited Staphylococcus aureus.
Co-Authors Akrom, Akrom Azali, Aulia Syafadilla Lathifah, Sofiani Nina Salamah Putri, Chintiana Nindya Suryani, Arman