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All Journal Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis
Wewengkang, Restu Dara
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Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY OF FIVE NATIVE PLANTS OF KALIMANTAN ISLAND AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus Wibowo, Joko Priyanto; Wahid, Abdul Rahman; Paramitha, Dewi Setya; Wewengkang, Restu Dara; Nurrahmah, Medina
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis Vol 11 No 3 (September-December 2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/pharmacy.v11i3.12917

Abstract

Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are an increasing concern in the healthcare sector, particularly due to the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains. Natural products provide a promising alternative source for discovering new antibacterial and antibiofilm agents. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of five plant species natives to Kalimantan Island against S. aureus. Plant materials were extracted using the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method with 70% ethanol at 40 kHz and temperature of 30 °C for 30 minutes. Phytochemical screening was performed using standard qualitative tests to detect major secondary metabolite groups, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. The antibiofilm assay was carried out using a spectrophotometric microplate method, where biofilm formation was quantified in the presence of plant extracts (500 ppm) compared to negative control (solvent). Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA (p < 0.05) followed by post-hoc tests to determine significant differences among samples. Among the tested extracts, the gelinggang extract exhibited the strongest antibiofilm effect, inhibiting biofilm formation by 84.39 ± 7.21 %, followed by sangkareho (70.63 ± 7.29 %), kratom (66.54 ± 6.11 %) and matoa (58.36 ± 5.91 %). While, limpasu showed the weakest antibiofilm activity (18.22 ± 1.21 %) in this study. The observed activity may be attributed to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds known to disrupt quorum sensing and biofilm matrix synthesis. These findings highlight the potential of Kalimantan’s native plants, particularly gelinggang, as promising sources of natural antibiofilm agents for combating antibiotic-resistant S. aureus infections.
Unlocking Antibiofilm Compounds of Tigarun (Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC.): A Metabolomic Insight via FTIR Spectroscopy Wibowo, Joko Priyanto; Lestari, Dwintha; Nor, Islan; Hasani, Najwi; Wewengkang, Restu Dara; Nurrahmah, Medina
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v7i1.28123

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance remains a major challenge in the treatment of bacterial infections worldwide, particularly because certain pathogenic bacteria can form biofilms that enhance antibiotic resistance. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most clinically significant antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with biofilm formation contributing to persistent infections and reduced therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the exploration of medicinal plants as alternative sources of antibiofilm agents has become increasingly important. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of three parts of Tigarun (Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC.), a native medicinal plant from Borneo, against MRSA and to investigate the potential metabolites associated with its activity through metabolomic analysis. Leaf, bark, and flower extracts of C. magna were obtained using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Antibiofilm activity against MRSA ATCC 33591 was evaluated using a spectrophotometric microplate assay. Metabolomic profiling was conducted using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analysis to identify metabolite groups that may be responsible for the antibiofilm activity. The results demonstrated that the leaf and flower extracts exhibited strong antibiofilm activity against MRSA biofilms, with IC₅₀ values of 52.88 ± 5.77 µg/mL and 49.30 ± 5.23 µg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the bark extract showed weaker activity, with an IC₅₀ value exceeding 100 µg/mL. FTIR-based metabolomic analysis and multivariate modeling indicated that phenolic and flavonoid metabolites were strongly associated with antibiofilm activity. These findings suggest that C. magna, particularly its leaf and flower extracts, has promising antibiofilm potential against MRSA and may serve as a valuable natural resource for developing alternative antimicrobial agents targeting biofilm-associated bacterial infections.
Co-Authors Joko Priyanto Wibowo Lestari, Dwintha Najwi Hasani Nor, Islan Nurrahmah, Medina Paramitha, Dewi Setya Wahid, Abdul Rahman