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All Journal JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia Folia Medica Indonesiana
Zihono, Yudivaniel
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Metformin Effectiveness in Reducing Mortality among Covid-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Hospital in Indonesia Zihono, Yudivaniel; Yusmaini, Hany; Hasanah, Uswatun; Harfiani, Erna; Mokoagow, Md Ikhsan; Budiman, Dicky
Folia Medica Indonesiana Vol. 59, No. 3
Publisher : Folia Medica Indonesiana

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Abstract

Highlights: 1. As there is a scarcity of publications on the use of metformin for COVID-19 in Indonesia, the findings of this present study may contribute more insight to the existing body of research and provide data specific to the Southeast Asian population. 2. This study revealed a decreased mortality rate associated with metformin use in diabetic patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. 3. This study suggests that diabetic patients may continue metformin treatment during a COVID-19 infection as the medication has sustained therapeutic effects. Abstract COVID-19 patients with comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM), have a higher mortality rate compared to those without any comorbidities. T2DM patients usually receive metformin as their first-line treatment. However, the effectiveness of metformin in reducing mortality rates still requires further analysis. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of metformin in reducing mortality rates among COVID-19 patients with T2DM. An analytic observational design with a retrospective cohort approach was used in this study. Samples were acquired from hospitalized COVID-19 patients with T2DM medical records at Fatmawati Central General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, throughout 2020–2021. The samples were collected using a purposive sampling technique and analyzed using Chi-square test (p<0.05; RR<1). This study comprised 137 samples, with 56 samples receiving metformin and 81 not receiving metformin. The mortality rate in the sample group that received metformin was lower (19.6%) compared to the group that was not given the medication (38.3%). The Chi-square test results indicated a statistically significant relationship between metformin treatment and a lower mortality rate among COVID-19-contracted individuals with T2DM (p=0.020; RR=0.513). Therefore, this study concludes that the administration of metformin treatment reduces mortality among COVID-19 patients with T2DM.
Analysis of household waste cooking oil on MDA, 8-OHdG, TNF-α, IL-6 expression, and liver damage on Swiss Webster mice model Thadeus, Maria Selvester; Susantiningsih, Tiwuk; Zihono, Yudivaniel
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 17, No 2, (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol17.Iss2.art10

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Background: Repeated heating degrades cooking oil quality, increasing peroxide values above national safety standards (SNI 01-3741-2002). Household waste cooking oil typically reaches 20-40 meq/kg, potentially triggering systemic oxidative stress and organ toxicity.Objectives: To analyze the mechanism of waste household oil as a trigger of oxidative damage leading to DNA oxidation.Methods: This prospective, controlled, true experimental in vivo time-course study initially allocated 32 male Swiss Webster mice into four parallel cohorts (n=8 per group), with 28 completing the final analysis (n=7 per group). The mice were orally treated with used cooking oil at a dosage of 10 μl/g body weight. The animals were distributed into four experimental cohorts. Group A (control) received fresh oil (peroxide value 8-10 meq/kg) for eight weeks, while Groups B, C, and D received waste oil (peroxide value 20-40 meq/kg) for 8, 12, and 16 weeks, respectively. Following the treatment, assays evaluated serum MDA and SOD, hepatic 8-OHdG via HPLC, TNF-α and IL-6 expression via IHC, and liver histopathology (congestion, steatosis, and necrosis) via H&E staining. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney post-hoc tests.Results: Used cooking oil administered over a 16-week period led to an increase of harmful effects. These included oxidative stress, primarily through lipid membrane peroxidation, evidenced by significant increases in both serum MDA and activated SOD p<0.05. The oil also induced chronic inflammation, marked by elevated expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in the cytoplasm and sinusoids. Furthermore, it resulted in severe liver structure changes (including congestion, steatosis, and necrosis) and a time-dependent upward trend in 8-OHdG, reaching statistical significance at 16 weeks compared to controls (p<0.05).Conclusion: These findings suggest that prolonged consumption of household used cooking oil promotes progressive hepatic lipid peroxidation and structural damage, with oxidative DNA damage accumulating significantly after extended exposure (16 weeks).
Co-Authors Budiman, Dicky Erna Harfiani Hany Yusmaini Maria Selvester Thadeus Mokoagow, Md Ikhsan Tiwuk Susantiningsih Uswatun Hasanah