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All Journal Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science
Mulyati, Agustine Susi
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Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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Directors’ Personal Liability in Corporate Bankruptcy: An Analytical Study on the Application of the Business Judgment Rule and the Doctrine of Gross Negligence Donny Ferdiansyah; Mulyati, Agustine Susi; Majuri; Toyib Zainal; Edi Mulyadi
International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science( IJVESS)
Publisher : Cita konsultindo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63922/ijevss.v5i01.2796

Abstract

This study aims to examine in depth the concept of directors’ personal liability in the bankruptcy of Limited Liability Companies (PT), focusing on the application of the Business Judgment Rule principle and the doctrine of gross negligence within the framework of Indonesian corporate law. The issue of directors’ liability in bankruptcy situations is crucial, as the boundary between managerial error and acceptable business risk is often difficult to define. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches by analyzing relevant legislation, commercial court decisions, and corporate law literature. The results of this study indicate that the Business Judgment Rule serves as a legal safeguard for directors who act in good faith, with due care, and in the best interests of the company. However, this principle cannot be used as a defense when gross negligence is proven — that is, the failure of directors to perform their managerial duties reasonably, resulting in losses or the company’s bankruptcy. In such circumstances, directors may be held personally liable under Article 97 paragraphs (3) and (5) of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of prudence, professional conduct, and accountability among directors in business decision-making to prevent abuse of authority and minimize the risk of personal liability in bankruptcy situations.
Kajian Literatur: Tanggung Jawab Hukum Platform Marketplace terhadap Peredaran Kosmetik Ilegal di Indonesia Mulyati, Agustine Susi; Humulhaer, Siti; Ferdiansyah, Donny; Majuri, Majuri; Zainal, Toyib; Mustofa, M. Ali
RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Februari - April
Publisher : Prodi Bisnis Digital Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/riggs.v5i1.6888

Abstract

Pesatnya pertumbuhan e-commerce di Indonesia membawa tantangan serius bagi perlindungan konsumen, khususnya terkait peredaran produk kosmetik ilegal yang mengandung bahan berbahaya atau tanpa izin edar Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis batasan tanggung jawab hukum platform marketplace terhadap peredaran produk kosmetik ilegal di ekosistem digital Indonesia serta mengevaluasi efektivitas regulasi yang berlaku saat ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kajian literatur (literature review). Data sekunder diperoleh melalui penelusuran sistematis terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, jurnal ilmiah, dan dokumen hukum terkait dalam dekade terakhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pergeseran paradigma hukum dari doktrin Safe Harbor yang pasif menuju tanggung jawab aktif berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik. Meskipun platform sering kali dianggap sebagai perantara, secara hukum mereka memiliki kewajiban duty of care untuk melakukan verifikasi identitas pedagang dan kurasi produk yang berpotensi membahayakan kesehatan publik. Kelalaian dalam pengawasan preventif terhadap kosmetik berbahaya dapat dikategorikan sebagai Perbuatan Melawan Hukum (PMH) sesuai Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menekankan bahwa perlindungan konsumen di era digital tidak cukup hanya melalui tindakan represif berupa penghapusan tautan produk. Diperlukan integrasi sistem verifikasi izin edar otomatis antara database BPOM dengan sistem internal marketplace untuk mencegah penayangan produk ilegal sejak hulu. Selain itu, penguatan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen diperlukan untuk mempertegas tanggung jawab spesifik penyelenggara platform dalam rantai distribusi digital guna menjamin kepastian hukum dan keselamatan konsumen.
Co-Authors Donny Ferdiansyah Edi Mulyadi Ferdiansyah, Donny Humulhaer, Siti Majuri Majuri, Majuri Mustofa, M. Ali Toyib Zainal Zainal, Toyib