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Islamic Law in the Metaverse World: A Normative Study of Virtual Worship Practices and Transactions Ahmad Rifai Yoga; Ahmad Yasin Dongoran; Arsyad Rizky Pratama Siregar; Nur Hafizah Husna; Rahmad Fauzi Hasibuan
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): ISNU Sahabat Vol.2 No.3 Desember 2025
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jsisnu.v2i3.896

Abstract

The development of metaverse technology has presented new challenges in the application of Islamic law, particularly regarding worship practices and virtual transactions. The non-physical and interactive nature of the metaverse world demands a normative approach to assess the legal validity and legitimacy of various activities occurring within it. This study aims to examine how Islamic legal principles are applied in the context of virtual worship, such as online congregational prayer and digital marriage contracts, as well as digital asset-based economic transactions such as NFTs and cryptocurrencies. Using a juridical-normative approach and qualitative analysis, this study examines the relevance of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), maqasid sharia (the principles of sharia), and contemporary fatwas (religious edicts) in responding to the metaverse phenomenon. The results indicate that activities in the metaverse world are subject to Sharia law as long as they meet the principles of clarity (bayyinah), justice ('adl), and benefit (maslahah). Virtual space can be treated as a functional area of ​​Sharia law, as activities within it have real legal implications. This study recommends the importance of establishing a responsive and contextual digital Islamic legal framework to holistically address the dynamics of virtual space.
The Relevance of the Concept of Hirabah to Organized Crime and Modern Terrorism Hairul Anam; Ahmad Rifai Yoga; Nadilah Andini; Wenni Nahdiani Tanjung; Suci Hidayati Malau
ISNU Nine-Star Multidisciplinary Journal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): ISNU Nine Star Januari
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/ins9mj.v3i1.1325

Abstract

This study examines the relevance of the concept of hirābah in Islamic criminal law to contemporary organized crime and terrorism. Historically, hirābah addresses acts of open violence that threaten public security, instill fear, and disrupt social order, with sanctions aimed at protecting life, property, and communal stability. Using a normative legal research method with a qualitative approach, the study analyzes classical fiqh texts, contemporary scholarship, and comparative legal frameworks to explore the elements, characteristics, and objectives of hirābah. The findings reveal substantial conceptual alignment between classical hirābah and modern forms of collective violence, as both involve deliberate acts that destabilize society and generate widespread fear. However, contemporary crimes exhibit complex ideological, transnational, and technological dimensions requiring normative adaptation. The study concludes that while hirābah provides a valuable legal and sociological framework, its application to modern criminality necessitates contextual reconstruction, integrating Islamic jurisprudence with national and international legal systems for effective prevention, deterrence, and public security.