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All Journal Biofarmasetikal Tropis (The Tropical Journal of Biopharmaceutical)
Adolfina Sumagando
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Christian University of Indonesia in Tomohon
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Inhibitory Activity Test of Sea Grape (Caulerpa racemosa) Against Salmonella typhi Bacteria Indri J. Kereh; Yessie K. Lengkey; Sonny D. Untu; Margaretha S. Ginting; Ferdy A. Karauwan; Selvana S. Tulandi; Adolfina Sumagando
Biofarmasetikal Tropis (The Tropical Journal of Biopharmaceutical) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : FMIPA UKIT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55724/jbiofartrop.v8i1.500

Abstract

Salmonella typhi is the primary bacterial cause of typhoid fever, which remains a serious health concern in developing countries, including Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the inhibitory activity of sea grape (Caulerpa racemosa) extract against Salmonella typhi. The extract was obtained through maceration and tested using the agar diffusion method with paper discs at various concentrations (100, 200, 300, and 400 µg/disc). The results showed that C. racemosa extract inhibited the growth of S. typhi with average inhibition zone diameters of 25 mm (100 µg), 27.3 mm (200 µg), 28.8 mm (300 µg), and 29.5 mm (400 µg). The negative control (distilled water) showed no antibacterial activity. Based on classification, all concentrations exhibited very strong antibacterial activity. A higher extract concentration corresponded to greater inhibitory effect. These findings suggest that C. racemosa has potential as a natural antibacterial agent against S. typhi and may be further developed for alternative typhoid treatment.
Formulation And Evaluation Of Lip Balm Preparation From Watermelon Seed Extract (Citrullus lanatus) As Lip Moisturizer Alter Y. Runtu; Soniya Tumuju; Douglas N. Pareta; Andry Natanel; Anggelina A. Pangalila; Adolfina Sumagando; Marshella M. Mokoagouw
Biofarmasetikal Tropis (The Tropical Journal of Biopharmaceutical) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): OKTOBER 2025
Publisher : FMIPA UKIT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55724/jbiofartrop.v8i2.523

Abstract

This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a lip balm preparation containing watermelon seed extract (Citrullus lanatus) as a safe and effective natural lip moisturizer, in response to the increasing demand for plant-based cosmetic products. The extract was obtained using the maceration method, and four lip balm formulations were prepared with extract concentrations of 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%. The preparations were evaluated through physical characterization tests, irritation assessment, hedonic evaluation, and stability testing over a 10-week storage period. The results indicated that all formulations were stable, exhibited acceptable pH values and melting points, and did not cause irritation. Increasing extract concentration significantly improved spreadability and moisturizing performance, with the 9% formulation receiving the highest preference among panelists. These findings suggest that watermelon seed extract has strong potential as a natural and safe active ingredient for lip care formulations.
Inhibitory Activity of Sea Grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) Against the Growth of Propionibacterium acnes Yessie K. Lengkey; Indri J. Kereh; Sonny D. Untu; Margaretha S. Ginting; Ferdy A. Karauwan; Selvana S. Tulandi; Adolfina Sumagando
Biofarmasetikal Tropis (The Tropical Journal of Biopharmaceutical) Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): OKTOBER 2025
Publisher : FMIPA UKIT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55724/jbiofartrop.v8i2.524

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the inhibitory activity of sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, a bacterium that can cause acne on human skin. Sea grapes contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids which may act as natural antibacterial agents. This research was conducted experimentally in the laboratory using the agar diffusion method with paper discs. The sea grape sample was extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol and tested at concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 µg/disc. Distilled water was used as a negative control. The results showed that the extract was able to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 33.9 to 41.2 mm. The largest inhibition zone was found at the concentration of 400 µg/disc. In conclusion, sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) have very strong antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and have potential as a natural antibacterial source.
Co-Authors Alter Y. Runtu Andry Natanel Anggelina A. Pangalila Douglas N. Pareta Ferdy A. Karauwan Indri J. Kereh Indri J. Kereh Margaretha S. Ginting Marshella M. Mokoagouw Selvana S. Tulandi Soniya Tumuju Sonny D. Untu Yessie K. Lengkey