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All Journal SAMARAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga
Muin, Firdaus
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Understanding the Prophet's Hadith about Women with a Hermeneutic Approach: A Critical Study of Misogynistic Narrations Muin, Firdaus; Ali Amiruddin, Andi Muhammad; Hayati, Salma; Fazil, Muhammad
Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam
Publisher : Islamic Family Law Department, Sharia and Law Faculty, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/sjhk.v10.i1.29253

Abstract

Misogynistic readings of hadith have significantly shaped gendered norms in segments of Muslim societies, contributing to restrictions on women’s leadership, religious authority, mobility, and marital agency. Such interpretations often rely on textual literalism detached from historical and socio-cultural contexts. This study critically re-examines selected hadiths frequently invoked to legitimize gender hierarchy through a hermeneutical framework. Adopting a qualitative design with a textual-analytical approach, the research analyzes narrations contained in the canonical collections of Muhammad al-Bukhari, Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, Abu Dawud, Al-Tirmidhi, and Ibn Majah. The study integrates classical hadith scholarship with contemporary hermeneutical theory, emphasizing contextualization (asbāb al-wurūd), socio-historical analysis, and the ethical objectives (maqāṣid) underlying prophetic traditions. The findings demonstrate that many narrations commonly categorized as “misogynistic” are context-dependent and descriptive rather than universally prescriptive. Reports concerning women’s political leadership are shown to be situational (casuistic) responses to specific historical circumstances; narrations about a wife’s prostration signify moral respect rather than ontological subordination; traditions related to women leading congregational prayer admit interpretive plurality within juristic discourse; and reports restricting women’s travel without a mahram reflect concerns of security and social order in particular historical settings. Similarly, narrations regarding marital refusal are better understood as ethical exhortations promoting conjugal harmony rather than instruments of coercion. This study argues that a hermeneutically informed methodology offers a critical corrective to reductionist literalism in hadith interpretation. By situating prophetic traditions within their discursive and historical horizons while engaging contemporary ethical concerns, the approach contributes to a more equitable and context-responsive framework for gender discourse in Islamic studies.
‘Aqīqah in Hadith and Islamic Law: Gender and Cultural Perspectives in South Sulawesi Society Muin, Firdaus; Hakim, Abdul; Abu Nawas, Sitti Syakirah; Munir, Badrul; Fakri, Fakri
El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): EL-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ujhk.v9i2.34514

Abstract

‘Aqīqah is an Islamic practice which is prescribed by specific legal conditions. These include the difference in the number of animals slaughtered for male and female children. It is a common sight to see a male child being provided with two sheep while a female child is provided with one, raising questions of fairness and possible gender bias. This study aims to analyze the meaning of the hadith concerning the number of animals prescribed for ‘aqīqah through a contextual approach and to compare hadith and fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) studies in order to examine the possibility of gender bias in this provision. The study employed an empirical legal research method with data analyzed using Muhammad Talbi’s hermeneutical theory and Muhammad Shahrur’s Theory of ḥudūd. Data were collected by means of a literature review, observation, and in-depth interviews with experts and academics specializing in hadith, Islamic law, and Islamic thought at higher education institutions in South Sulawesi. Findings reveal that Talbi’s approach is applied through al-qirā’ah al-tārīkhiyyah which focuses on the historical aspects of the hadith and al-qirā’ah al-insāniyyah which stresses the humanitarian values and objectives of Islamic law. On the other hand, Shahrur’s theory of ḥudūd (limits) is used to understand the minimum and maximum limits in the practice of ‘aqīqah. The difference in the number of animals prescribed for ‘aqīqah therefore is not a form of gender discrimination, but rather signifies the social, cultural and economic contexts of the society at the time the hadith was transmitted. Thus, ‘aqīqah can be carried out flexibly as long as it is within the framework of maqāṣid al-sharī’ah (objectives of Islamic law). This study concludes that a contextual understanding of the hadith on ‘aqīqah can help prevent gender-biased interpretations and benefit religious practices in ways that are more equitable and relevant to contemporary society.
Co-Authors Abdul Hakim Abu Nawas, Sitti Syakirah Andi Muhammad Ali Amiruddin Badrul Munir, Badrul Fakri, Fakri Muhammad Fazil, Muhammad Salma Hayati