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All Journal Pendas : Jurnah Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Journal of Language Education, Linguistics, and Culture
Waruwu, Merlin
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Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Other

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ENGLISH TEACHERS' CHALLENGES IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO 3-5 YEARS OLD CHILDREN AT PPA HILINA'A Zebua, Meniati; Laoli, Adieli; Waruwu, Merlin; Waruwu, Julvin Oryentika; Halawa, Fitri Seniawati
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 11 No. 01 (2026): Volume 11 No. 01, Maret 2026 Release
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v11i01.41580

Abstract

Teaching English to children aged 3–5 years presents unique challenges related to their developmental characteristics, particularly in non-formal early childhood education settings. This study aims to explore the challenges faced by English teachers in teaching young learners at PPA Krammer Hilina'a. A descriptive qualitative research design was employed to obtain an in-depth understanding of classroom practices and teacher experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and classroom observations involving one teacher/student practitioner responsible for teaching English for Young Learners (EYL). The data were analyzed thematically to identify key challenges and instructional responses. The findings reveal that teachers face significant pedagogical difficulties, including children’s limited ability to understand abstract concepts, rapid memory loss, and interference from the first language (L1). Classroom management emerged as the most prominent challenge, characterized by short attention spans, high energy levels, and ineffective transitions between learning activities. To address these challenges, teachers implemented visual-based learning strategies, such as flashcards and presentation slides, combined with emotional and patient interaction and direct engagement with students. These approaches contributed to improved learner participation and confidence. The study concludes that teaching English to very young learners in non-formal educational contexts requires developmentally appropriate strategies and strong classroom management skills. Therefore, targeted training in early childhood pedagogy and English for Young Learners is recommended to enhance teaching effectiveness.
An Analysis Of EFL Students’ Difficulties In Speech Perception: A Qualitative Study On Misheard Minimal Pairs Waruwu, Puspa Triyani; Tafonao, Yunita; Waruwu, Merlin; Gulo, Arniwati; Harefa, Afore Tahir
J-LELC: Journal of Language Education, Linguistics, and Culture Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): J-LELC: Journal of Language Education, Linguistics, and Culture
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/j-lelc.2026.27015

Abstract

Perception of speech is a fundamental skill in EFL learning that is very challenging for Indonesian learners due to the limitations of their L1 vocal system. Although previous studies have mostly used quantitative accuracy measurements, qualitative exploration of authentic experiences in the classroom is still limited, especially for university-level EFL students in the context of psycholinguistics. This study investigates the difficulties of fifth-semester English Education students at Nias University in perceiving minimal vowel pairs through a descriptive qualitative design. Data from 15 purposive sampling participants were collected through a minimal pairs listening test (20 items), semi-structured interviews, and classroom observations. The results show the highest error rates of 87% for /ɪ/–/iː/ (ship-sheep) and 80% for /ʊ/–/uː/ (full-fool), caused by the Indonesian vowel system, which has only five monophthongs without length/tension contrast. Internal factors included L1 phonological interference and cognitive load, while external factors included poor classroom audio quality and environmental noise. Students relied more on context-based top-down strategies than bottom-up phonetic analysis. These findings reveal patterns of vowel perception difficulties characteristic of Indonesian EFL in an authentic learning context.
Co-Authors Adieli Laoli Gulo, Arniwati Halawa, Fitri Seniawati Harefa, Afore Tahir Tafonao, Yunita Waruwu, Julvin Oryentika Waruwu, Puspa Triyani Zebua, Meniati