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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology (IJCET)
Kristiani Yanti Kana
Universitas Kristen Indonesia
Religion

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Analyzing the Significance of Reformed Epistemology: A Critical Review of Criticism of Evidentialism and its Implications for Evangelical Apologetics Kristiani Yanti Kana; Delf Gustaf Kalalo
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijcet.v5i1.7

Abstract

Reformed Epistemology (RE) is one of the most significant developments in the philosophy of religion of the 20th and 21st centuries. This article analyzes the significance of Reformed Epistemology, focusing on its critique of evidentialism and its implications for the practice of evangelical apologetics. Through a critical literature review approach, this paper will outline the core arguments of Reformed Epistemology, particularly the thesis of "properly basic belief" in religious faith. The analysis will focus on the perspective of John D. Laing, who examines the triangular relationship between Reformed Epistemology, evidentialism, and apologetics. The article's findings demonstrate that Reformed Epistemology's significance lies in its ability to provide a legitimate epistemic foundation for religious belief without relying on propositional evidence, while simultaneously opening up space for a model of apologetics that is more testimonial and relies on the work of the Holy Spirit, rather than solely rationalistic. However, Reformed Epistemology has also drawn criticism for its potential fideism and its challenges to interfaith dialogue.
A Faith-Innovation-Service Model for Christian Educational Entrepreneurship in Indonesia Nella Mariana Panjaitan; Kristiani Yanti Kana; Delf G. Kalalo
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijcet.v5i2.16

Abstract

This study examines the integration of entrepreneurship in Christian education as a response to globalization, digital transformation, and changing socio-economic demands. While previous studies have often treated entrepreneurship as a secular approach and Christian education as a theological enterprise, this study seeks to bridge this gap through an integrative framework relevant to the Indonesian context. Using a qualitative approach through a critical integrative literature review, this study analyzes scholarly literature through thematic analysis to identify patterns of entrepreneurial practices in Christian education and synthesize a conceptual framework. The findings reveal five major entrepreneurial practices in Christian education: faith-based curriculum innovation, visionary leadership, diversified funding strategies, community empowerment, and digital technology integration. This study contributes to the discourse on faith-based edupreneurship by offering an integrative model that connects theological values, educational innovation, and social mission.
Contemporary Curriculum in Christian Religious Education Kristiani Yanti Kana
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijcet.v5i2.17

Abstract

The curriculum in Christian Religious Education (PAK) continues to develop along with the dynamics of the times, technological advancements, and changes in the characteristics of students. This article aims to examine in depth the concept of contemporary curriculum in PAK, including its main characteristics, theological foundations, and relevance in shaping the faith and character of students in the modern era. This research uses a qualitative approach through literature study by analyzing various theological, pedagogical, and educational policy sources of the latest education. The results of the study show that the contemporary curriculum of PAK has the main characteristics of a student-centered approach, contextual, integrative between faith and life, and utilizing technology as a learning medium. In addition, this curriculum emphasizes transformational aspects, namely changes in attitudes, values, and behaviors that reflect Christian teachings in daily life.
Digital Literacy for Christian Educators: Integration of Technology Competencies and Theological Values in Christian Education Learning Kristiani Yanti Kana
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijcet.v5i2.18

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the importance of digital literacy for Christian educators in integrating technological competencies with theological values in Christian Religious Education (CRE) learning. The rapid development of digital technology requires educators not only to master technical skills but also to utilize technology ethically, reflectively, and contextually in accordance with Christian faith principles. The research employs a qualitative approach using literature review and conceptual analysis of various theoretical sources and educational practices. The findings indicate that digital literacy for Christian educators encompasses pedagogical, critical, and spiritual competencies in using technology as a meaningful learning tool. The integration of theological values in technology use contributes to shaping students who are not only digitally competent but also possess strong moral and spiritual integrity.
The Anabaptist Movement, the Mennonite Church, the Baptist Church and its Implications for Christian Education Kristiani Yanti Kana
Indonesian Journal of Christian Education and Theology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ijcet.v5i2.25

Abstract

The Anabaptist movement was one of the significant movements within the sixteenth-century Radical Reformation that greatly influenced the development of Christian theology and education. From this movement emerged the Mennonite tradition and significant influences on the Baptist Church, particularly regarding believer’s baptism, religious freedom, and Christian discipleship. This article aims to analyze the theological and pedagogical ideas of the Anabaptist movement, the Mennonite Church, and the Baptist Church, as well as their implications for Christian Religious Education. The method used in this study is library research with a descriptive analytical approach toward various theological and Christian educational literatures. The findings reveal that these three traditions emphasize the importance of personal conversion, discipleship, Christian character formation, exemplary living, and community-based education.
Co-Authors Delf G. Kalalo Delf Gustaf Kalalo Nella Mariana Panjaitan