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All Journal African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Janya Danjuma
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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The Total Antioxidant Levels, Amino Acids, Vitamins, Flavonoids and Phenolics Profile of Persea americana Using HPLC Ojochenemi Ejeh Yakubu; Janya Danjuma; Patience Audu Jankada
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 2 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i2.3864

Abstract

This research investigated the antioxidant levels, flavonoids and phenolics, amino acid and vitamin profile of P. americana seed methanol extract. Fresh fruits of P. americana were procured from Baissa in Taraba State. The fruits were cut open and the seed removed, washed and sliced. The plant material was air dried at room temperature after which it was pulverized and extraction was carried out using methanol for 72 hours. Extract was subjected to total antioxidant test using DPPH by serial dilution. Different portions of the extract were used to analyze for total flavonoid content and total phenolics content using aluminium chloride and folin-ciocalteu respectively. Furthermore, a portion of the extract was used to analyze for amino acid, vitamin and flavonoids and phenolics profile. The result reveals that the portion antioxidant activity increase with concentration. The portion with 1000µg/1000mL had over 80% which was the highest inhibition percentage in the series. Total flavonoid was found to be 39.88 ± 0.44 while the total phenolic content was seen to be 35.84 ± 4.30. Quercetin and chlorogenic acid were seen to be present for HPLC analysis of flavonoids and phenolics profile to be 15.8% and 84.2% respectively. The result for vitamin profile reveals that three vitamins were detected: vitamins K, B1 and B3 at 0.1%, 20.4% and 79.5% respectively. The amino acid present include asparagine, threonine, serine and aspartic acid with 1.1%, 13.9%, 10.4 and 74.6% abundance respectively. This shows how rich how this plant material can be and also reveals the hidden potentials inherent in it. This could be used to supplement diets and meet various nutritional and needs of individuals.
Determination of the Hypoglycaemic Effect of the Ethanol Stem Bark Extract of Vitellaria paradoxa on Hyperglycemic Wistar Rats Fidelis Okii Ekpo; Emmanuel Mamman; Ojochenemi Ejeh Yakubu; Janya Danjuma
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3469

Abstract

This study investigates the hypoglycaemic effects of the ethanol stembark extract of Vitellaria paradoxa on hyperglycemic rats. It also investigates the phytochemical content of ethanol stem bark extract of Vitellaria paradoxa using the method of Soforh. The result shows that the ethano| stem/bark of the plant contains Tannins 3.92/mg/100g, Alkaloid 7.12/mg/100g, Flavonoids 1.03/gm/100g, phenolics 12.72/mg/100g, Glycosides 4.13/gm/100g, saponins 2.15/mg/100g respectively. The hypoglycemic properties of ethanol stem bark extract of Vitellaria paradoxa were investigated using Fifteen albino Wister rats weighing between 200g to 230g were induced with alloxan monohydrate to make them diabetic. The rats were divided into five groups of three rats. The first group were not induced, tagged normal. The second groups were induced sstandard drug glibenclamide throughout the study period. The fourth groups were induced and treated with 250/mg/kg body weight of the ethanol stem/bar extract of Vitellaria paradoxa throughout the study period. The fifth groups were induced and treated with 500/mg/kg body weight of the extract. The fasting blood glucose level of the rats were taken every three days’ interval for 21 days. At the end of 21 days, the rats treated with 250/mg/kg body weight which started with elevated blood glucose level after induction of 207/mg/dl reduces to 124/mg/dl, similarly the treated with 500/mg/kg body weight of the extract with initial elevated blood glucose level after the induction with diabetic of 221/mg/dl got reduced to 145/me/dl. This indicates that ethanol bark tract of Vitellaria paradoxa showed hypoglycemic properties.
The Comparative Suitability of Different Solvents Used in the Fractionation of Methanol Leaf Extract of Persea americana Mill: An in Vitro Studies Ojochenemi E. Yakubu; Olawale Otitoju; Janya Danjuma; dulrashid Dauda Maianguwa; Isaac John Umaru; Gloria Omonefe Oladele
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3664

Abstract

This research investigated the suitability of various solvents used in the fractionation of methanol leaf extract of P. americana to ascertain the flavonoid, vitamin and amino acid profile of the fractions. It has been demonstrated that a number of Persea americana plant components contain different phytochemicals associated with important biological function. Fresh leaves of P. americana were harvested from Baissa in Taraba State. The plant materials were air dried under shade at ambient temperature. The dried plant materials were pulverized to fine powder using mortar and pestle. The pulverized plant material was soaked in methanol for 72 hours for extraction. The extract was filtered using clean filter cloth and filter paper under reduced pressure. The filtrate was evaporated in in rotary evaporator and water bath to obtain the required concentrate. The extract was used to perform fractionation using separation funnel and solvents of different polarity such n-hexane, methanol and ethanol. Each of the fractions was used to analyze for flavonoid, vitamin and amino acid profile using HPLC. The result reveals that quercetin is present in each of the fractions. Caffeic acid phenyl ether was detected in diluted ethanol fraction, coumaric acid was identified in diluted n-hexane fraction, caffeic acid was identified in methanol fraction chlorogenic acid detected in n-hexane fraction. Vitamin K was identified in all the fractions, Vitamin B1 was identified in diluted ethanol fraction and n-hexane fraction while vitamin B9 was detected in diluted n-hexane fraction and n-hexane fraction. Vitamins B2 and B6 were identified in methanol fraction and diluted ethanol fraction respectively. The diluted ethanol fraction was seen to contain 8 different amino acids followed by the methanol fraction with 6, then the diluted n-hexane fraction with 3 and the n-hexane fraction with 2. This reveals that for isolation of amino acids, the ethanol fraction may be more suitable considering that the highest number of amino acids were found in it.
Stembark Methanol Extract of P. americana: Total Antioxidant Capacity, Total Flavonoids Content, Total Phenolics Content and Its Flavonoids, Vitamins and Amino Acids Profile Ojochenemi E. Yakubu; Michael S. Abu; Janya Danjuma; Isaac John Umaru; Gloria Omonefe Oladele
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3677

Abstract

This research investigated the total antioxidant capacity, total flavonoids content, total phenolics content as well the flavonoids, vitamins and amino acids profile of stembark methanol extract of P. americana. Plant materials have been known be rich source of various medicinal active ingredients. These may include alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins as well as nutritional components including sugars, amino acids as well as proteins in addition to other vital components. The stembark of P. americana was harvested in its plant in Baissa, Taraba State, Nigeria. The plant material was air dried and pulverized and soaked in methanol for 72 hours before filtration. The filtrate was further concentrated using rotary evaporator and water bath. The concentrate was analyzed for total antioxidant capacity using DPPH, flavonoids content using aluminium chloride and phenolics content using folin ciocaltue. Flavonoids, vitamins and amin acids profile was determined using HPLC. The result total antioxidant capacity shows that inhibition increased with concentration with the 100µL/100mL had inhibition percentage of 87.88% whereas the lowest concentration of 31.25µL/100mLhad the inhibition percentage of 40.14%. The results for total flavonoid content and total phenolics content show significant levels with 42.21±0.23mg QE/100g and 33.65±3.02mg GAE/100g respectively. The result for flavonoid and phenolics profile reveals that quercetin and caffeic acid phenyl ester were identified with 0.50% and 99.50% respectively. For vitamins, vitamin K was detected with 0.40%, vitamin B1 with 80.20% and vitamin B2 with 19.50% abundance. There seven different amino acids identified, these include asparagine, threonine, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine and arginine. The outcomes reveal that the plant material could possess important phytochemicals which could be used in disease treatment as well as vital macromolecules that can be used as supplements.
A Review: Metabolism of Lipid Via TREM-2A Olawale Otitoju; Assumpta Iruka; Janya Danjuma
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3398

Abstract

This review investigated the metabolism of lipid via TREM-2. Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, involving the breakdown and storage of fats for energy and the synthesis of structural and functional lipids, such as those involved in the construction of cell membranes. Lipid metabolism is often considered as the digestion and absorption process of dietary fat; however, there are two sources of fats that organisms can use to obtain energy: from consumed dietary fats and from stored fat. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2) is a membrane receptor on myeloid cells and plays an important role in the body’s immune defense. Recently, TREM-2 has received extensive attention from researchers, and its activity has been found in Alzheimer’s disease, neuroinflammation, and traumatic brain injury. The appearance of TREM-2 is usually accompanied by changes in apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a protein playing a pivotal role in lipid homeostasis since it regulates cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid metabolism in the blood and the brain. APOE gene regulates the expression of this protein and has three different alleles: ε2, ε3 and ε4. Carrying an APOE4 allele is recognized as a genetic risk factor of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and coronary heart disease (CHD). A major function of apoE is to mediate the binding of lipoproteins or lipid complexes in the plasma or interstitial fluids to specific cell-surface receptors. These receptors internalize apoE-containing lipoprotein particles; thus, apoE participates in the distribution/redistribution of lipids among various tissues and cells of the body. It is likely that apoE, with its multiple cellular origins and multiple structural and biophysical properties, is involved widely in processes of lipid metabolism and neurobiology, possibly encompassing a variety of disorders of neuronal repair, remodeling, and degeneration by interacting with different factors through various pathways.
Determination of the Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, Phenolics and Flavonoids Profile, Vitamins and Amino Acids Profile Using HPLC and DPPH Free Scavenging Radical Acitivities of the Methanol Leaf Extract of Persea americana Ojochenemi Ejeh Yakubu; Olawale Otitoju; Janya Danjuma; Patience Audu Jankada
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3571

Abstract

This research examined the total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonoids and phenolics profile, vitamins and amino acids profile uing HPLC as well as the DPPH free scavenging activity of methanol leaf extract of P. americana. Plants have shown to possess phytochemicals which are beneficial to man including therapeutic and disease prevention. P. americana leaves was harvested from its tree in Baissa, Taraba State. The leaves were air dried under shade at room temperature after which it was pulverized using clean mortar and pestle. The powdered sample was extracted using methanol for 72 hours. Extract was filtered using whatmann no. 1 filter paper and evaporated using rotary evaporator and water bath to obtain the required concentrate. The concentrated extract was subjected to total flavonoid and total phenolics content using aluminium chloride folin ciocaltue respectively. Total antioxidant capacity of the leaf extract was carried out using DPPH. The amino acids, vitamins, flavonoids and phenolics profiles were evaluated. The result reveals that there is a significant level of flavonoid and phenolics in the extract which accounted for 43.32±0.15 mg GAE/100g and 32.84±2.13 mg CE/100g respectively. The antioxidant capacity showed a promising inhibition of DPPH free radical scavenging activity with increase in dose. The amino acids that were found to be present in the extract include asparagine, threonine, histidine, phenylalanine and aspartic acid with different percentage. Vitamins K, B1 and B3 were detected significantly in the leaf extract. The various phytochemicals detected have shown according to research to have beneficial to the biological system, especially in scavenging free radicals and mitigation of oxidative stress. Vitamins are essential for normal functions and metabolism in the biological system, their deficiency could have deleterious effects. Amino acids are necessary for protein synthesis and are required for other biological processes. The extract has shown to be a rich source of various phytochemicals and have shown a promising presence of various vitamins and amino acids.
Co-Authors Assumpta Iruka dulrashid Dauda Maianguwa Emmanuel Mamman Fidelis Okii Ekpo Gloria Omonefe Oladele Isaac John Umaru Michael S. Abu Ojochenemi E. Yakubu Ojochenemi Ejeh Yakubu Olawale Otitoju Patience Audu Jankada