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All Journal African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Arowora Kayode Adebisi
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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In-Vitro Estimation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, Antioxidant Contents and Determination of Flavonoid, Amino Acid, and Vitamin Profiles of Ethanol Seed Extract of Annona squamosa Linn Ojochenemi Ejeh Yakubu; Jankada Patience Audu; Arowora Kayode Adebisi
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3470

Abstract

The aim of this research is to analyse the flavonoid, amino acid, and vitamin profiles of ethanol seed extract of Annona squamosa using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The fruits of Annona squamosa were collected from Takum, Taraba State, the seeds were removed from the fruit washed with water, dried in the shade and then pulverized into fine powder. For the crude extraction, the method adopted by Yakubu et al. (2020) was adopted for this protocol. The IC50 of the seed was found to be 3.87. The total flavonoid content was significantly higher (182.76±0.61) compared with the total phenolic compound (70.34±3.04). A reliable detection and peak resolution were obtained from the HPLC analysis. The result showed the presence of nine amino acids, which include; Threonine (9.6%), Phenyl Alanine (17.0%), Aspartic Acid (26.0 %), Glutamic acid (16.0%), Leucine (5.7%), Iso-Leucine (5.3%), Glycine (5.0 %), Arginine (2.3), Glutamine (13.2%), three vitamins; vitamin K (0.4%), vitamin B1(63.0 %) and B3 (36.6%), and three flavonoid compounds Trolox (0.2%), Quercetin (2.1%) and Coumaric acid (97.7%) in plant sample. The phytochemical study confirms that the seed of Annona squamosa rich sources of amino acids such as and these herbal raw materials can exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities.
Environmental Risk Assessment of Microplastics in Water and Sediments along Ibi Troughs North-East Nigeria Habiba Idris Adam; Otitoju Oluwale; Arowora Kayode Adebisi; Isaac John Umaru; Ikrimah Usman Mohammed; Iornenge Terungwa Joseph
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3471

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the risk associated with microplastics along river Ibi. Water and sediment samples were collected from five (5) sites each along river Ibi 100m apart. The surface sediment was sampled in all cases to approximately 5-cm depth using a Van Veen grab (25 cm2). Microplastics particles were identified using Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR spectra of the water and sediment showed bands and wave numbers of between 3275 cm-1 and 1033 cm-1 as the prominent peaks. The peaks at these frequencies were strong, broad and medium, which suggest the presence of compounds with the functional groups of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, amines, alkyl halide, nitro compound, carbonyl bond, carboxylic acids and alcohols in the samples. The review analysis also shows that various polymer types have been covered in the studies polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP) is the dominant polymer types found in all environmental matrices. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment shows hazard indices above one at every sampling location in river Ibi, indicating that drinking water from these water bodies may present serious health risks, including cardiovascular and non-carcinogenic health issues. The results obtained from this study showed that water from the sampling locations are not suitable for human consumption and also confirm the presence of microplastic in river Ibi.
Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Fruits of Acacia nilotica and Flowers of Calotropis procera on Liver Function of Aspirin-Induced Male Albino Rats Muhammad Zuhairah Ismail; Imo Chinedu; Arowora Kayode Adebisi; Shadrach Philip; Rashida Ismail Mohammed; Isaac John Umaru; Kingsley Iyoko Iseko; Dafup Katdel Istifanus
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3675

Abstract

This study examined the effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera on the liver function of male albino rats. Acacia nilotica fruits and Calotropis procera flowers are commonly consumed by natives in northern Nigeria for therapeutic purposes. Eighty-four (84) healthy male albino rats were used for this study. The animals were randomly distributed into six groups of ten animals each, while 24 rats were used for lethal dose (LD50) analysis. The animals were administered ethanolic extracts of fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera for 5 and 14 days respectively after induction with aspirin. The study was carried out in two phases: The animals were induced with 500 mg/kg body weight of aspirin 12 hours before the commencement of the experiment, the test animals were administered ethanolic extract of fruit of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera for 5 and 14 days and sacrificed at the end of each test phase respectively, blood was collected for biochemical analysis. The liver was harvested at the end of each phase, processed for histological investigation and photomicrographs taken. The result of liver function parameters showed that the mean values of alanine transaminase (ALT) after five-day of treatment decreased non-significantly (p>0.05) in groups 4, 5 and 6 and decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group 4 when compared to normal control. Also, ALT increased significantly (p<0.05) in group 2. There was a general decreasing trend in the mean values of aspartate transaminase (AST) across all groups except group 2. The mean values of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all groups, but increased non-significantly in group 2. The same trend was observed in the values of ALT, AST, and ALP after 14 days of treatment. Photomicrograph of the liver section of normal rats showed normal central vein, sinusoids and hepatocytes as well as that of the treated animals. Photomicrograph of liver section of rat administered aspirin only showed slightly dilated portal triad after five days. The study suggests that the ethanolic extracts from fruits of Acacia nilotica and flowers of Calotropis procera may have active ingredients that are capable of improving some liver functions.
Comparative Study on the Proximate and Amino Acids Levels in Selected Edible Mushroom Species Arowora Kayode Adebisi; Iornenge Terungwa Joseph; Idris Habiba Adams; Ikrimah Usman Mohammed; Bando Christopher David; Danlami Efoseh; Isaac John Umaru
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.5892

Abstract

Mushrooms represent an ancient group of heterotrophic organisms classified under Thallophytae, and based on their chemical composition and utility, they are broadly categorized as edible or poisonous. Edible mushrooms can further be divided into wild and cultivated types. This study compares the amino acid profiles and proximate compositions of two edible mushrooms, tea tree mushroom (Agrocybe aegerita) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), collected from Takum Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. Freshly harvested samples were air-dried for three days, pulverized, and subjected to amino acid analysis using isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and proximate analysis following standard protocols from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Results showed that Agrocybe aegerita exhibited higher concentrations of amino acids compared to Pleurotus ostreatus, with a non-significant decrease (p > 0.05) observed in Pleurotus ostreatus for essential and non-essential amino acids including lysine, methionine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine, serine, cysteine, tyrosine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and proline. Conversely, Pleurotus ostreatus demonstrated slightly higher values in proximate components such as carbohydrate, fiber, ash, and moisture, whereas Agrocybe aegerita showed higher but non-significant values in protein, fat, and energy content. The study concludes that Agrocybe aegerita is nutritionally superior in terms of amino acid composition, while Pleurotus ostreatus is marginally better in proximate nutritional content, supporting their complementary roles in dietary applications.
In-Vitro Estimation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, Antioxidant Contents and Determination of Flavonoid, Amino Acid, and Vitamin Profiles of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Annona squamosa L. Ojochenemi Ejeh Yakubu; Jankada Patience Audu; Arowora Kayode Adebisi; Danjuma Janya; Abu Michael Sunday; Shitta Nasisi Namuma; Fidelis Okii Ekpo; Maianguwa Abdulrashid Dauda; Josephine Maina Sule; Isaac John Umaru
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v1i1.3865

Abstract

Since the beginning of human civilisation, plants have been one of the main sources of medicines. The demand for pharmaceuticals, health products, food supplements, cosmetics, and medications made from plants is expanding. Since ancient times, traditional medicine has made use of the medicinal plant Annona squamosa. The aim of this research is to evaluate the total phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant contents and the amino acid, and vitamin profiles of ethanol leaf extract of Annona squamosa L. By using the DPPH free radical scavenging experiment, the antioxidant potential of the ethanol leaf extracts was calculated, and the absorbance was determined at 517 nm. The IC50 value of the leaf was estimated to be 4.24 μg/mL. The Folin Ciocalteu method was used to measure the total phenolic content (TPC) spectrophotometrically. Total flavonoid content (TFC) was measured by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay and Quercetin was used as standard, the absorbance was measured at 520nm. The results showed that A. squamosa leaf is a rich source of phenolics and flavonoid (total Phenolic content: 26.01±1.45mg GAE/g and total flavonoid content: 71.20±35.74 mg QE/g). The high contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents indicated that these compounds contribute to the antioxidant activity. A. squamosa can be regarded as promising plant species for natural plant sources of antioxidants with high potential value for drug preparation. The total amount of amino acids was found to be 331.887 uL Several detection and peak resolution were obtained from the HPLC analysis. The result showed the presence of eight amino acids including Asparagine (2.419uL), Threonine (50.828uL), Phenylalanine (37.533uL), Aspartic Acid (144.558uL), Leucine (8.650uL), Iso-Leucine (9.728uL), Glycine (54.060uL) and four vitamins Vitamin K (2.289mg), Vitamin B1 (958.597mg), Vitamin A (13.568mg) and Vitamin E (62.103mg).
Co-Authors Abu Michael Sunday Bando Christopher David Dafup Katdel Istifanus Danjuma Janya Danlami Efoseh Fidelis Okii Ekpo Habiba Idris Adam Idris Habiba Adams Ikrimah Usman Mohammed Imo Chinedu Iornenge Terungwa Joseph Isaac John Umaru Jankada Patience Audu Josephine Maina Sule Kingsley Iyoko Iseko Maianguwa Abdulrashid Dauda Muhammad Zuhairah Ismail Ojochenemi Ejeh Yakubu Otitoju Oluwale Rashida Ismail Mohammed Shadrach Philip Shitta Nasisi Namuma