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Abu Nawas
Universitas Dharma Indonesia (UNDHI)
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Regional Government Authority in Granting Building Approval Permits Under Indonesia’s Job Creation Law: Centralization, Digitalization, and Local Administrative Power Arief Chaer Muzakir; Muhammad Chotib; Abu Nawas
BULETIN ADALAH Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : UIN Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v10i2.51273

Abstract

This study examines the authority of regional governments in granting Building Approval Permits (Persetujuan Bangunan Gedung / PBG) under Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation into Law. The study is motivated by the regulatory transformation from the former Building Construction Permit (Izin Mendirikan Bangunan / IMB) regime to the PBG system, which has significantly altered the distribution of authority between the central and regional governments within Indonesia’s decentralized governance framework. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The analysis is based on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials examined qualitatively to evaluate the legal position and administrative authority of regional governments in implementing the PBG system under the current regulatory framework. The findings demonstrate that regional governments continue to hold a strategic role in the administration of building approvals, particularly in relation to technical assessments, supervision, and the implementation of norms, standards, procedures, and criteria established by the central government. Nevertheless, the Job Creation regulatory framework indicates a growing centralization of authority through the integration of digital licensing mechanisms, particularly the Online Single Submission (OSS) system, which has reduced the discretionary authority of regional governments in the licensing process. Furthermore, several implementation challenges remain evident, including limited human resources, inadequate technological infrastructure, and the lack of regulatory harmonization between central and regional authorities. This study concludes that the authority of regional governments in granting Building Approval Permits under Law Number 6 of 2023 remains legally recognized; however, such authority is primarily administrative and technical in nature within a more centralized regulatory structure. Therefore, strengthening institutional capacity, harmonizing regulations, and improving the integration of licensing systems are essential to achieving effective, efficient, and accountable public services in Indonesia’s building governance sector. Keywords: Regional government authority; Building Approval Permit (PBG); Job Creation Law; public administration; licensing system; decentralization; Online Single Submission (OSS); Indonesia.  
The Scope of the Banten Provincial Government’s Authority in Population Control Under Indonesia’s Regional Governance Framework Bambang Heriyanto; Abu Nawas; Muhammad Chotib
BULETIN ADALAH Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : UIN Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v10i2.51274

Abstract

This study examines the scope of the Banten Provincial Government’s authority in implementing population control policies within Indonesia’s decentralized governance system. The research is grounded in the principle of decentralization as regulated under Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, which establishes the distribution of governmental affairs between the central and regional governments. The study specifically addresses two main issues: first, the authority of the Banten Provincial Government in implementing population control programs; and second, the institutional balance between the National Population and Family Planning Agency (Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional / BKKBN) and the Office of Women Empowerment, Child Protection, Population Control, and Family Planning of Banten Province (DP3AKKB) in implementing population control policies under Law Number 52 of 2009 concerning Population Development and Family Development. This research employs an empirical juridical method to examine the governmental affairs assigned to the Banten Provincial Government in the population control sector and to analyze the coordination between BKKBN and DP3AKKB as the primary institutions responsible for policy implementation. The study uses statutory analysis supported by empirical findings derived from institutional practices and policy implementation. The findings indicate that the authority of the Banten Provincial Government in population control affairs is regulated under Articles 11 and 12 of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, which also carries financial implications under Law Number 33 of 2004 concerning Fiscal Balance between the Central Government and Regional Governments. Furthermore, the implementation of population control programs by BKKBN and DP3AKKB has not yet achieved optimal balance and effectiveness. This condition arises from the transfer of authority over family planning and population control programs from the central government to regional governments, resulting in policy disparities and variations in implementation among different regions. This study concludes that although decentralization aims to strengthen regional autonomy in population control governance, the shift in authority has created challenges related to institutional coordination, policy harmonization, and program effectiveness. Therefore, stronger intergovernmental coordination and regulatory synchronization are necessary to ensure effective and equitable implementation of population control policies across regions in Indonesia.  Keywords: Population Control; Regional Government Authority; Decentralization; Family Development; Regional Autonomy; BKKBN; Public Governance; Indonesia.
Criminal Sanctions for Juvenile Bullying Offenders Resulting in Fatalities: An Analysis under Indonesia’s Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law No. 11 of 2012 Eer Herawati; Muhammad Chotib; Abu Nawas
BULETIN ADALAH Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : UIN Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v10i2.51509

Abstract

The phenomenon of bullying among adolescents in Indonesia has shown an increasingly alarming trend, particularly when such behavior escalates into acts of violence resulting in loss of life. This condition raises complex legal issues, especially regarding the criminal liability of children as perpetrators. On the one hand, children in conflict with the law must be afforded legal protection and rehabilitation; on the other hand, the severe consequences of their actions demand law enforcement that ensures justice for victims. This study aims to analyze the regulation and application of criminal sanctions against child perpetrators of bullying resulting in death within the perspective of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, as well as to examine its conformity with the principles of restorative justice. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The legal materials consist of primary legal sources in the form of legislation, secondary legal sources such as legal literature and scholarly opinions, and tertiary materials as supporting references. Data collection is conducted through library research, while the analysis is carried out qualitatively using legal interpretation and legal reasoning methods. The results of the study indicate that under Law Number 11 of 2012, child perpetrators of bullying can still be held criminally liable, particularly in cases resulting in death. However, the imposition of criminal sanctions must take into account the best interests of the child and prioritize restorative justice principles. In serious criminal offenses resulting in death, diversion mechanisms cannot be optimally applied due to the limitations related to the severity of criminal sanctions. Therefore, formal criminal proceedings remain necessary while still integrating child protection principles in their implementation. In conclusion, the imposition of criminal sanctions against child perpetrators of bullying resulting in death is necessary for the enforcement of the law; however, it must be carried out proportionally without disregarding restorative justice principles. A balance is required between protecting the child offender and ensuring justice for the victim to achieve fair and humane legal objectives.  Keywords: Bullying, Child Offender, Criminal Liability, Restorative Justice, Juvenile Criminal Justice System  
Human Resource Authority and Professionalization within the Jakarta Metropolitan Police (Polda Metro Jaya): A Normative Legal Analysis of Institutional Reform in the Indonesian National Police Laksito Ari Kusuma; Rasman Habeahan; Abu Nawas
BULETIN ADALAH Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : UIN Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v10i2.51865

Abstract

The Indonesian National Police (Polri) plays a strategic role in maintaining public order, enforcing the law, and delivering protection and public services as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and Law No. 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police. Professionalism within the police institution constitutes a fundamental prerequisite for fulfilling these constitutional functions, particularly in the jurisdiction of the Jakarta Metropolitan Police (Polda Metro Jaya), which faces highly complex legal and socio-political challenges. This study examines (1) the development of human resources (HR) within Polda Metro Jaya in fostering police professionalism and (2) the role of law enforcement processes in strengthening institutional HR capacity to enhance professional standards. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches to analyze regulatory frameworks, institutional policies, and professional ethics standards governing police conduct. The findings indicate that human resource development represents a critical pillar in advancing institutional professionalism, improving public service quality, and reinforcing public trust. Although adequate legal foundations and internal regulatory mechanisms are in place, the implementation of HR development at Polda Metro Jaya continues to face structural and cultural challenges. These include inconsistencies in ethical enforcement, limitations in professional capacity building, and resistance to organizational cultural transformation. This study argues that sustainable and integrity-based HR reform is essential to strengthening police professionalism and institutional legitimacy. The research contributes to the discourse on police reform by emphasizing the centrality of normative governance, ethical accountability, and organizational culture in achieving a professional and publicly trusted law enforcement institution. Keywords Jakarta Metropolitan Police; Police Professionalism; Human Resource Development; Police Ethics; Institutional Reform
Pharmacist Criminal Liability for Ensuring Safe Pharmaceutical Services: A Critical Analysis of Indonesia's Omnibus Health Law Number 17 of 2023 from a Comparative Perspective Dani Yuniadi; Abu Nawas; Rasman Habeahan
BULETIN ADALAH Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : UIN Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v10i2.52581

Abstract

The enactment of Indonesia's Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health represents a significant legislative reform, consolidating and replacing multiple sectoral laws. Within this new framework, the criminal liability of pharmacists for failures in pharmaceutical service delivery remains a critical yet underexplored issue. This article investigates the extent to which the 2023 Health Law establishes a robust legal framework for holding pharmacists criminally accountable, particularly when their absence or negligence compromises patient safety and public health. Employing a normative juridical methodology with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this study analyzes primary legal materials including the Health Law, the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP), and relevant implementing regulations, alongside secondary legal scholarship. The research identifies a fundamental legal lacuna: while the 2023 Law criminalizes the practice of pharmacy by unauthorized persons (non-pharmacists), it fails to provide explicit criminal sanctions for the managing pharmacist who abandons their duties, thereby creating the conditions for such illegal practice. This regulatory gap undermines legal certainty, weakens patient protection, and contradicts the principle of proportionality in criminal law. The findings are critically compared with regulatory frameworks in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Singapore, which adopt more explicit models of vicarious and direct criminal liability for pharmacist supervisors. The article concludes that the current Indonesian framework provides insufficient deterrence against pharmacist absenteeism, compromising the quality of pharmaceutical care and endangering patients. It offers concrete recommendations for legal reform, including the introduction of specific criminal provisions targeting dereliction of duty by pharmacists, strengthening of supervisory mechanisms, and enhancement of the professional regulatory body's enforcement powers to ensure both legal certainty and robust public health protection. Keywords Pharmacist Criminal Liability; Pharmaceutical Services; Health Law Number 17 of 2023; Patient Protection; Legal Certainty; Comparative Health Law; Indonesian Health Law Reform; Professional Negligence  
A Comparative Study of Legal Systems in the Regulation of Business Activities in Indonesia and Common Law Countries Gunawan Gunawan; Rasman Habeahan; Abu Nawas; Muhammad Chotib; Gilang Rizki Aji Putra
BULETIN ADALAH Vol. 9 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : UIN Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v9i5.50254

Abstract

Economic globalization has intensified cross-border business relations, requiring a comprehensive understanding of the differences among legal systems governing business activities. Differences in legal systems, particularly between the civil law and common law systems, have a significant impact on contract formation, dispute resolution, and the protection of business actors’ interests. Indonesia, as a country that adopts the civil law system, has distinct characteristics in business regulation compared to common law countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States. This article aims to analyze the comparative legal aspects of business law between Indonesia and common law countries, with a focus on sources of law, contract law, and dispute resolution mechanisms. The research method employed is normative legal research using a comparative law approach. The findings indicate that differences in legal systems have direct implications for legal certainty, contractual flexibility, and business strategies adopted by business actors.
Efektivitas Tindakan Preventif Dan Persuasive Babinkantibmas Dalam Penanggulangan Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Di Kecamatan Pakuhaji Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Kepolisian Tarsin Tarsin; Abu Nawas; Rasman Habeahan; Indrayanto Indrayanto
BULETIN ADALAH Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : UIN Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v9i3.50742

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis efektivitas tindakan preventif dan persuasif Bhabinkamtibmas dalam penanggulangan penyalahgunaan narkotika di Kecamatan Pakuhaji, Kabupaten Tangerang, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penghambatnya. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif eksploratif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), observasi partisipatif, dan studi dokumentasi terhadap Bhabinkamtibmas, tokoh masyarakat, aparat pemerintah, dan pemangku kepentingan terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindakan preventif dan persuasif Bhabinkamtibmas di Kecamatan Pakuhaji efektif dalam membangun ketahanan sosial terhadap bahaya narkotika. Efektivitas tersebut tercermin dari tiga indikator utama: pertama, meningkatnya kepercayaan masyarakat yang ditandai dengan partisipasi aktif warga melaporkan aktivitas mencurigakan; kedua, keberhasilan pendekatan personal persuasif dalam mendorong korban penyalahguna narkotika menjalani rehabilitasi sesuai amanat Pasal 54 dan 55 Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009; ketiga, efektivitas peran mediasi dalam mencegah eskalasi konflik horizontal dan tindakan main hakim sendiri. Ditinjau dari perspektif hukum kepolisian, tindakan tersebut telah sesuai dengan kewenangan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2002 tentang Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, khususnya Pasal 13, Pasal 14 ayat (1) huruf g, dan Pasal 15 ayat (2) huruf c tentang diskresi kepolisian. Namun, optimalisasi tugas Bhabinkamtibmas menghadapi hambatan internal (keterbatasan personel dan beban administrasi) serta hambatan eksternal (kultur masyarakat tertutup, modus operandi jaringan narkoba yang canggih, dan masalah sosial-ekonomi). Hambatan tersebut membentuk lingkaran setan yang saling menguatkan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemenuhan rasio personel ideal, reformasi sistem administrasi berbasis teknologi, penguatan forum kemitraan polisi-masyarakat, serta program pemberdayaan ekonomi bagi warga rentan.   Kata Kunci: Efektivitas Hukum, Tindakan Preventif, Tindakan Persuasif, Bhabinkamtibmas, Penanggulangan Narkotika, Community Policing, Kecamatan Pakuhaji.
Analisis Yuridis Konflik Kewenangan Kepolisian Republik Indonesia Dengan Badan Narkotika Nasional Dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Narkotika di Indonesia Achmad Ficry; Abu Nawas; Rasman Habeahan; Indrayanto Indrayanto
BULETIN ADALAH Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : UIN Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v9i3.50743

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis dualisme kewenangan penyidikan tindak pidana narkotika antara Kepolisian Republik Indonesia (Polri) dan Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN) serta implikasi yuridisnya terhadap efektivitas penegakan hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif yang diperkaya dengan data empiris melalui wawancara mendalam dengan aparat penegak hukum di Polres Tangerang Selatan dan BNN Provinsi Banten, serta kajian putusan pengadilan dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dualisme kewenangan bersumber pada konstruksi hukum yang tidak harmonis antara Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2002 tentang Polri yang memberikan kewenangan umum penyidikan kepada Polri, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika yang memberikan kewenangan khusus kepada BNN. Kedua undang-undang tidak mengatur mekanisme koordinasi, hierarki, atau prioritas kewenangan secara tegas, sehingga menciptakan konflik norma horizontal dan tumpang tindih kewenangan. Perbedaan mendasar juga ditemukan dalam batas waktu penangkapan (1×24 jam untuk Polri versus 3×24 jam untuk BNN), yang semakin memperparah ketidakpastian hukum. Implikasi yuridis dualisme ini mencakup ketidakpastian hukum (rechtssicherheit) karena tidak jelasnya lembaga yang berwenang, ketidakadilan (gerechtigkeit) akibat perbedaan prosedural yang berpotensi melanggar prinsip persamaan di hadapan hukum, serta inefisiensi (zweckmäßigkeit) berupa duplikasi sumber daya dan pemborosan anggaran. Penelitian ini menawarkan model harmonisasi kewenangan, yaitu model koordinasi fungsional yang diperkuat dengan mekanisme penugasan bersama sebagai transisi menuju model subsidiaritas. Rekomendasi jangka pendek meliputi pembentukan peraturan bersama antara Kapolri dan Kepala BNN serta forum koordinasi rutin, sedangkan rekomendasi jangka panjang mencakup revisi Undang-Undang Narkotika dengan mengadopsi pendekatan subsidiaritas dan harmonisasi batas waktu penangkapan.  Kata Kunci: Dualisme Kewenangan, Penyidikan Narkotika, Polri, BNN
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Pekerja Atas Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK) Sepihak Oleh Pengusaha Di Kabupaten Serang Agus Muhindar; Abu Nawas; Rasman Habeahan; Indrayanto Indrayanto
BULETIN ADALAH Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : UIN Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v1i3.50744

Abstract

  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap hak pekerja atas Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK) sepihak oleh pengusaha di Kabupaten Serang serta mengkaji upaya hukum yang ditempuh pekerja dalam memperjuangkan hak-haknya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan sosiologis, melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi terhadap pekerja korban PHK sepihak, mediator Dinas Tenaga Kerja, serta pendamping hukum di Kabupaten Serang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum, baik preventif maupun represif, belum berjalan optimal. Perlindungan preventif menghadapi kendala serius karena pengusaha kerap mengabaikan prosedur PHK sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 151 UU Ketenagakerjaan, seperti melakukan PHK secara lisan tanpa surat peringatan, menggunakan alasan efisiensi yang tidak transparan, memaksa pekerja mengundurkan diri (forced resignation), serta melakukan PHK dengan motif pemberangusan serikat pekerja (union busting). Selain itu, lemahnya pengawasan ketenagakerjaan akibat keterbatasan jumlah pengawas dan tidak adanya daya paksa dari rekomendasi yang dikeluarkan semakin memperburuk efektivitas perlindungan preventif. Sementara itu, perlindungan represif melalui jalur mediasi dan litigasi juga menghadapi berbagai hambatan. Akses pekerja terhadap keadilan terhambat oleh rendahnya kesadaran hukum pekerja, keterbatasan biaya, serta lemahnya posisi tawar pekerja di hadapan pengusaha. Upaya hukum non-litigasi melalui mediasi di Dinas Tenaga Kerja Kabupaten Serang memiliki tingkat keberhasilan sekitar 60 persen, namun efektivitasnya sangat bergantung pada itikad baik pengusaha karena mediator tidak memiliki kewenangan memaksakan kesepakatan. Sebaliknya, upaya litigasi di Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial (PHI) menghadapi kendala pembuktian dan biaya, meskipun proses peradilan relatif cepat. Dengan demikian, diperlukan penguatan substansi hukum melalui pemberian sanksi tegas bagi perusahaan yang melakukan PHK sepihak, peningkatan kapasitas dan jumlah pengawas ketenagakerjaan, serta optimalisasi peran serikat pekerja dan lembaga bantuan hukum dalam memberikan pendampingan kepada pekerja korban PHK sepihak di Kabupaten Serang.  Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum; PHK Sepihak; Pekerja; Upaya Hukum; Kabupaten Serang
Hak Immunitas Wartawan Dalam Menjalankan Tugas Ditinjau Dari Perspektif UU Pers dan UU Nomor I Tahun 2023 Tentang KUHP Muhlisin Muhlisin; Abu Nawas; Rasman Habeahan; Indrayanto Indrayanto
BULETIN ADALAH Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : UIN Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v9i2.50745

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji kesenjangan antara norma perlindungan wartawan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 tentang Pers dengan praktik pemidanaan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP Baru). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan empiris. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan aparat penegak hukum, wartawan, dan Dewan Pers, serta analisis dokumen kasus dan literatur hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UU Pers memberikan perlindungan melalui definisi kegiatan jurnalistik, jaminan kemerdekaan pers sebagai hak asasi, hak tolak, serta mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa melalui Dewan Pers. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 145/PUU-XXIII/2025 mempertegas bahwa pemidanaan wartawan hanya dapat dilakukan setelah mekanisme Dewan Pers ditempuh. Namun, KUHP Baru memuat ketentuan berpotensi menjerat kerja jurnalistik, seperti delik pencemaran nama baik, berita bohong, penghinaan terhadap pemerintah, serta perluasan alat bukti elektronik yang mengancam hak tolak wartawan. Kesenjangan antara norma dan praktik disebabkan oleh faktor hukum berupa multi-interpretasi norma, pengabaian asas lex specialis derogat legi generali, dan inkonsistensi implementasi nota kesepahaman Dewan Pers dengan aparat penegak hukum. Faktor non-hukum meliputi rendahnya pemahaman aparat tentang UU Pers, tekanan politik dan ekonomi, budaya litigasi masyarakat, lemahnya perlindungan internal perusahaan pers, serta maraknya oknum wartawan tidak profesional. Implikasi kesenjangan ini adalah munculnya chilling effect, menurunnya kualitas informasi publik, melemahnya fungsi kontrol sosial pers, dan kemunduran kualitas demokrasi. Penelitian merekomendasikan penguatan kapasitas aparat penegak hukum, optimalisasi nota kesepahaman Dewan Pers dengan aparat, penguatan perlindungan hukum oleh perusahaan pers, serta harmonisasi peraturan perundang-undangan untuk memastikan UU Pers berfungsi sebagai lex specialis yang efektif melindungi kemerdekaan pers. Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Wartawan, Kriminalisasi Pers, Lex Specialis, KUHP Baru
Co-Authors Achmad Ficry Agus Muhindar Arief Chaer Muzakir Bambang Heriyanto Budi Bofiola Marpaung Dani Yuniadi Djoko Aprianto Saputro Eer Herawati Gilang Rizki Aji Putra Gunawan Gunawan Indrayanto Indrayanto Indrayanto Indrayanto Laksito Ari Kusuma Lasemin Lasemin Muh Nasir Muhammad Chotib Muharom Muharom Muhlisin Muhlisin Nanda Sholihatunnisa Rasman Habeahan Ribet David Caniago Syaiful Kurniawan Tarsin Tarsin