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All Journal Heart Science Journal
Tsuraya, Alfi
Unknown Affiliation
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Regulatory RNAs and coronary artery calcification: A systematic review of clinical associations and biological insights Tsuraya, Alfi; Raras, Tri Yudani Mardining; Lestari, Bayu; Ramadhani, Risa; Hose, Victor Alvianoes Guterez; Rohman, Mohammad Saifur; Waranugraha, Yoga; Fajar, Jonny Karunia
Heart Science Journal Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): The Evolving Landscape of Heart Failure
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.02.7

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Regulatory RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have emerged as key regulators of vascular remodelling and coronary heart disease. However, their specific roles in coronary artery calcification (CAC) remain fragmented across diverse clinical studies. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to systematically synthesize human observational evidence on differentially expressed regulatory RNAs associated with CAC and their underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: We included clinical observational studies (case-control, cross-sectional, or cohort designs) that compared regulatory RNA expression in patients with and without CAC. We searched PubMed, BioMed Central, Wiley, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane between January 2010 and June 2025. Risk of bias was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Observational Studies. Data were synthesized narratively with stratification by RNA type, direction of expression, and biological mechanism. RESULTS: A total of 10 eligible studies were included. Several regulatory RNAs demonstrated potential as biomarkers or modulators of CAC. However, the diversity of regulatory RNAs highlights the complex and multifactorial nature of CAC, while also revealing opportunities for future investigation. CONCLUSION: Notably, circSmad4 demonstrated a favourable trend with a high AUC and a reasonably balanced mix of sensitivity and specificity, despite with relatively larger sample sizes.
The association of CDKNB-AS1 gene polymorphism and coronary artery calcification: A systematic review Tsuraya, Alfi; Miasih, Dewi Sekar; Ramadhani, Risa; Rohman, Mohammad Saifur; Raras, Tri Yudani Mardining
Heart Science Journal Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): The Evolving Landscape of Heart Failure
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.hsj.2026.007.02.8

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a robust, heritable marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Among genetic loci identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), 9p21 locus, particularly the CDKN2B-AS1 (ANRIL) region, has emerged as a key determinant of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, whether this signal generalizes to CAC across ancestries remains unresolved because the evidence is scattered and analytically heterogeneous, with certain populations underrepresented. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review was conducted to synthesize findings across studies that assessing CDKN2B-AS1 variants and CAC within populations. METHODS: We conducted a search in PubMed, BioMed Central, Wiley, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane from January 2010 to June 2025. Fourteen eligible studies were included in total. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Observational Studies was utilised to assess the risk of bias. Data were synthesised through a narrative approach. RESULTS: This systematic review integrates multi-ethnic evidence showing that rs1333049 and rs4977574 exhibit strong, reproducible associations with CAC severity in European and Admixed American populations, but weaker or absent effects in African and East Asian groups. In East Asia population, particularly Korean, rs10757272 shows the strongest influence. CONCLUSION: Overall, CDKN2B-AS1 functions as an important, ancestry-dependent in coronary calcification, emphasizing the need for fine-mapping and diverse cohort inclusion to achieve globally equitable genetic risk assessment.
Co-Authors Fajar, Jonny Karunia Hose, Victor Alvianoes Guterez Lestari, Bayu Miasih, Dewi Sekar Mohammad Saifur Rohman Ramadhani, Risa Tri Yudani MR Yoga Waranugraha