<![CDATA[Reflective competence is vital for prospective teachers to foster critical thinking and lifelong learning. However, digital learning environments often lack support for metacognitive awareness and self-regulation. This study used a quasi-experimental mixed-methods design involving 128 education students from two Indonesian LPTKs over one semester. Pre-tests and post-tests using the Reflective Thinking Scale (RTS) assessed quantitative changes, while qualitative data came from learning logs and interviews. Results showed a significant improvement in reflective competence (p < 0.01), particularly in critical reflection and thinking strategies. Adaptive gamification that adjusted challenges and feedback in real time enhanced engagement and learning depth. Metacognitive integration in gamification promoted self-regulation, reflective questioning, and skill transfer to teaching practice. Metacognition-based adaptive gamification effectively supports the development of reflective competence in prospective teachers.]]>
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