JOTTER
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): August 2026

The Digital Divide in Professional Learning Communities: Access to Technology and Collaborative Reflective Practices.

Ahmad Fahmi Fahruddin (STAI Syekh Manshur Pandeglang)
Aat Royhatudin (STAI Syekh Manshur Pandeglang)
Arsyad Abi Yoga (STAI Syekh Manshur Pandeglang)
Agus Hidayatullah (STAI Syekh Manshur Pandeglang)
Elan Zaelani Rahman (STAI Syekh Manshur Pandeglang)
Asep Budi (STAI Syekh Manshur Pandeglang)
Fia Nuraeni (STAI Syekh Manshur Pandeglang)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 Aug 2026

Abstract

The clarity of instructional language in non-academic texts is critical for effective communication, yet the grammatical structures of board game rule books remain underexplored as pedagogical resources for English language learning. This study aims to identify and classify the sentence patterns and sentence types employed in board game rule books to convey rules and instructions effectively. A qualitative descriptive research design was adopted, utilizing purposive sampling to select English-written rule books from commercially available educational board games. Data were collected through documentation, extracting sentences from key instructional sections of each rule book, with grammatical structures analyzed using Quirk et al.’s seven-pattern framework for sentence patterns and a four-category typology for sentence types (simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex). To ensure trustworthiness, data validation was conducted through triangulation of sources and peer debriefing among researchers to confirm coding consistency. The findings reveal that all seven Quirkian sentence patterns are present including Subject-Verb, Subject-Verb-Object, Subject-Verb-Complement, Subject-Verb-Object-Adverbial, Subject-Verb-Object-Object, Subject-Verb-Object-Complement, and Subject-Verb-Object-Adverb alongside the full range of sentence types. These results imply that board game rule books serve as rich, authentic linguistic materials that expose learners to diverse and complex syntactic structures, thereby offering valuable potential for integration into English language teaching curricula, particularly for enhancing grammatical competence through contextualized, task-based reading activities.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jotter

Publisher

Subject

Education Other

Description

JOTTER: Journal of Teacher Training and Education Research publishes original research and review articles, including field research pertinent to the method and practice of teaching, education, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept within the context of pre-service or in-service ...