<![CDATA[The application of the criminal conspiracy provision in terrorism cases raises legal issues, particularly concerning the distinction between an agreement to commit a terrorist act and acts that remain at the preparatory stage. This study aims to examine the legal considerations of judges in establishing the element of criminal conspiracy in Decision Number 535/Pid.Sus/2025/PN Jkt.Tim and to assess their conformity with the Indonesian criminal justice system. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. Primary legal materials consist of Law Number 5 of 2018 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism, the Criminal Procedure Code, and the relevant court decision, supported by secondary legal materials from legal literature and journals. The findings indicate that the judges established the existence of criminal conspiracy by assessing the defendant's actions as an interconnected series, including the pledge of allegiance, structural involvement in the Islamic State of Indonesia, participation in the REVIDABA Team, and the transfer of a firearm. These facts were assessed in conjunction with the admissible evidence to establish the defendant's intent and concurrence of wills. The judicial considerations are generally consistent with the negative statutory evidentiary system and the presumption of innocence. Nevertheless, Article 15 of Law Number 5 of 2018 requires clearer parameters to distinguish criminal conspiracy from mere preparation, as its current formulation may create legal uncertainty.]]>
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