<![CDATA[Public transport accessibility is fundamental to sustainable urban mobility, yet conventional GIS-based spatial indicators often fail to capture commuters' lived experiences. This study integrates GIS-based and perception-based accessibility measures to provide a more comprehensive understanding of conditions in Indonesian medium-sized cities. A qualitative multiple-case study design was conducted across four cities—Malang, Mataram, Pontianak, and Kendari—involving fourteen informants including commuters, operators, planners, elderly passengers, and a person with disability. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, field observations, document review, and spatial analysis, then analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding alongside cross-case comparison, integrating spatial and qualitative findings. Results reveal that objective spatial accessibility and perceived accessibility are often inconsistent, producing four typologies combining high/low spatial and perceived accessibility. Key factors shaping perceived accessibility include walkability, sidewalk continuity, pedestrian safety, service reliability, waiting time, route suitability, information availability, intermodal integration, and inclusive infrastructure. Some residents near transit stops reported poor accessibility due to discontinuous pedestrian infrastructure and unreliable services, while others accepted longer walking distances when services were predictable and affordable—showing accessibility depends on the entire travel experience, not just spatial proximity. The study concludes that GIS indicators should be complemented by perception-based measures, offering an integrated framework to identify mismatches between infrastructure and commuter experience and support inclusive, user-centered transport planning in Indonesian medium-sized cities.]]>
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