<![CDATA[The study examines the theological and canonical dynamics underlying the validity of marriage within the Catholic tradition, focusing on the distinction between error and simulatio in annulment proceedings. Using qualitative methods, literature review, normative analysis of the Code of Canon Law, and moral-sacramental theology, it argues that invalidity is not merely juridical but rooted in the interior intentionality shaping matrimonial consent. Error refers to cognitive misunderstanding that may influence the will, while simulatio denotes deliberate exclusion of an essential element. Each has distinct implications for tribunal judgments in evidence and canonical consequences. The study further emphasizes that a proper understanding of freedom, will, and truth in human action is essential for evaluating matrimonial consent. An integrative approach between canon law and sacramental theology prevents annulment procedures from becoming purely administrative, grounding them instead in the Church’s anthropological and ecclesiological vision. The findings contribute to marriage theology and offer a sharper analytical framework for tribunal practitioners in adjudicating cases with justice, pastoral sensitivity, and theological depth.]]>
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