Altius: Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga dan Kesehatan
Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Altius: Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga dan Kesehatan

Designing Circuit Game Activities to Enhance Fundamental Motor Skills in Children with Dyspraxia

Nurman Ramadhan (Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri)
Benny Widya Priadana (Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri)
Hilmy Aliriad (Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri)
Mohamad Da'i (Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri)
Wahyu Setia Kuscayaning Putri (Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri)



Article Info

Publish Date
29 May 2026

Abstract

Dyspraxia, or Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), impairs physical coordination in children, limiting their participation in daily activities and social interactions. No validated circuit-based approach targeting children with dyspraxia across four developmental domains has previously been established. This study aimed to develop and validate fundamental motor skill activities based on game circuits for children with dyspraxia. A Research and Development (RnD) approach following the Borg and Gall framework was employed, encompassing expert validation, small-group trials (n = 3; aged 5–6 years), and large-group trials (n = 7; aged 5–6 years). Content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI); inter-rater reliability was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST-II) was used for field assessment. CVR was 1.0, exceeding the 0.62 threshold for a three-expert panel. ICC values ranged from acceptable to good: movement skill (ICC = 0.881), cognitive skill (ICC = 0.721), fun (ICC = 0.623), and attention focus (ICC = 0.633). DDST-II outcomes showed the majority of children passed in both trial phases. The four-post circuit game approach demonstrates strong content validity and acceptable inter-rater reliability, and effectively supports fundamental motor skill development in children with dyspraxia.       

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Journal Info

Abbrev

altius

Publisher

Subject

Description

Altius: Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga dan Kesehatan is a national scientific journal open to seeking innovation, creativity, and novelty. This journal particularly focuses on the main problems in the development of the sciences of sport areas as follows: (1) Physical Education; (2) Sport Education; (3) Sport ...