Physics and Science Education Journal (PSEJ)
Physics and Science Education Journal (PSEJ), Volume 6 Number 2, August 2026

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SCIENTIFIC APPROACH-BASED STUDENT WORKSHEETS FOR TEACHING THE CONCEPT OF FORCE IN FOURTH-GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

Jeni Khusnelia (Universitas Jambi)
Ervan Johan Wicaksana (Universitas Jambi)
Nazarudin Nazarudin (Universitas Jambi)
Ilham Falani (Universitas Jambi)
Afreni Hamidah (Unknown)
Evita Anggereini (Universitas Jambi)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 Aug 2026

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a scientific approach-based Student Worksheet (SW) for teaching the concept of force to fourth-grade elementary school students. A Research and Development (R&D) design using the ADDIE model was employed, comprising analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The study involved 28 fourth-grade students at SDN 156/IX Muhajirin, Jambi City, Indonesia, during the 2025 academic year. Data were collected through observations, interviews, questionnaires, expert validation, and teacher and student responses. The results showed high validity, with scores of 94.64% from the subject-matter expert and 90% from the media expert. The SW was also highly practical, as indicated by teacher responses (95%), small-group responses (93.75%), and large-group responses (95.63%). Its effectiveness was demonstrated by an increase in the mean score from 59.39 on the pretest to 74.71 on the posttest. A paired-samples t-test indicated a statistically significant improvement in learning outcomes (p < 0.001), while the N-gain score of 0.38 indicated moderate improvement. Overall, the developed SW was valid, highly practical, and effective in supporting elementary science learning on the concept of force.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

psej

Publisher

Subject

Education Physics

Description

Focus and scope of PSEJ is Physics, Physics Education, and science Education, including: Physisc Instrumentation and electronic Materials Science Theoretical and Computational Physics Earth Sciences Physics Education Innovation of Physics Learning Assessment and Evaluation in Physics Education Media ...