<![CDATA[Learning a'dad (numbers and the four arithmetic operations in Arabic) is challenging for Arabic Language Education students because the numerical systems of Arabic, Indonesian and mathematics differ, and technology-based teaching media are limited. This study developed a bilingual (Arabic–Indonesian) Electronic Learner Worksheet (Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Elektronik, E-LKPD) on a'dad and examined its validity, practicality and effectiveness. Design research of the validation-studies type was used, comprising preliminary design, a design experiment (pilot and teaching experiments) and retrospective analysis; formative evaluation (self-evaluation, expert review, one-to-one, small-group and field tests) was embedded within these stages. Expert validation rated the product as very valid (material experts 94.5%; media expert 92.0%). Practicality was rated very practical in the one-to-one trial (94.67%, n = 3) and the small-group trial (88.67%, n = 6). In the field test (n = 27), 25 students (92.59%) scored at least 70 on a five-item post-test, which falls in the 'very effective' category. Because the field test used a post-test only, the results are interpreted as preliminary evidence of validity, practicality and student achievement in one class, not as evidence of causal learning gains; a pre-test/post-test or comparison design is recommended for future studies]]>
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