<![CDATA[The increasing adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) systems requires reliable, energy-efficient, and scalable communication technologies. Although LoRa provides long-range communication with low power consumption, its single-hop architecture limits network scalability in complex deployment environments. This study proposes an RSSI-aware dynamic routing mechanism for LoRa mesh networks based on the Bellman–Ford algorithm and implemented on ESP32 devices equipped with SX1276 transceivers. The main contribution of this research is the implementation of a lightweight distributed routing mechanism that enables autonomous routing-table formation and adaptive multi-hop communication without requiring global network topology information. Experimental evaluations were conducted in a multi-story indoor environment using up to ten LoRa nodes. The proposed routing mechanism successfully achieved neighbor discovery, autonomous routing-table formation, and adaptive multi-hop route establishment. The network reached an average convergence time of 86.60 seconds in a ten-node deployment, demonstrating successful dissemination of routing information throughout the network. Reliability analysis produced an average Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of 60.7%, with communication remaining reliable up to approximately three hops but decreasing significantly for longer routes. These findings indicate that the proposed Bellman–Ford-based routing mechanism can effectively support delay-tolerant IoT applications, including environmental monitoring, smart agriculture, and infrastructure sensing. Future work will focus on improving communication reliability for longer multi-hop paths through enhanced link-quality assessment, retransmission strategies, and routing optimizations.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
