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Peranan Radiologi Dalam Diagnosis Dan Terapi Invaginasi Iskandar Zakaria
Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala Vol 7, No 2 (2007): Volume 7 Nomor 2 Agustus 2007
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

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Abstrak.  Invaginasi atau intussussepsi  adalah masuknya satu segmen usus kedalam usus lainnya dan biasanya bagian proksimal usus masuk ke bagian distal sebagai akibat peristaltik.  Penyebab terjadinya invaginasi pada anak belum diketahui secara pasti. Invaginasi dapat menyebabkan obstruksi usus.  Dibagi 3 tipe; enterik, colical, dan entero-colica. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan gejala klinis, anamnesis,   pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan Radiologis. Foto polos memberikan gambaran massa tubular dan tanda-tanda obstruksi ileus, gambaran khas pada colon in loop adalah coiled spring appearance dan terdapat gambaran terget's sign pada pemeriksaan  dengan  USG.   Terapi  umumnya  dilakukan  secara  operatif,  tetapi  apabila  tidak  ditemukan komplikasi dapat dicoba terapi dengan teknik reduksi hyd 'statik. Prognosis tergantung cepat tidaknya penanganan diberikan. ((JKS 2007!2: 99-108) Kata Kunci :  Invaginasi atau intussussepsi Abstract.  Invagination or intussusseption is the inclusion of one to another segment of the intestine into the · colon and usually' the proximal into the distal intestine as a result of peristalsis. The cause of Invagination  in children is not known with certainty. Invagination can cause intestinal obstruction. Divided into 3 types; enteric, colical,  and  entero-colica. Diagnosis  based  on  clinical  symptoms,  anamnesis,  physical  examination  and Radiological examination. Plain provides a mass of tubular obstruction and signs of ileus, a typical picture of the colon in the loop is Coiled spring appearance and there is a picture of target's sign on examination with ultrasound. Operative therapy is  generally done, but  if not  found  any  complications to  try   therapy with hydrostatik reduction techniques. The prognosis depends on whether or not treatment is given quickly. (JKS2007; 2: 99-108) Keyword : Invagination or intussusseption
ASPEK RADIOLOGI PENYAKIT IDRSCHPRUNG Nurul Machillah
Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala Vol 5, No 1 (2005): Volume 5 Nomor 1 April 2005
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

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Abstrak.   Penyakit Hirschprung adalah  kelainan   kongenital ridak  dijumpai pleksus auerbach dan pleksus meisneri pada kolon,   pertama kali  dilaporkan oleh Frederick Ruysch, kemudian diplubikasikan oleh  Harald Hirschsprung pada tahun 1886.  Sembilan puluh persen (90%) terletak pada rectosigmoid, dapat mengenai  seluruh kolon bahkan seluruh usus (Total Colonic Aganglionosis). Tidak adanya sel ganglion mengakibatkan hambatan pada gerakan peristaltik,  sehingga terjadi ileus fungsional dan dapat terjadi hipertrofi serta distensi yang berlebihan  pada kolon proksimal.   Colon inloop khas, berupa penyempitan lumen colon distal  dan pelebaran mendadak segmen proksimalnya disertai zona transisi. (JKS 2005;1:14-20) Kata  kuncl  :  Penyakit  hirschprung,  zona transisi Astract.  Hirschsprung  disease is a congenital abnormality, there is 1101fo1111d auerbach plexus  and  meisneri  plexus  of  the  colon,  first reported  by  Frederick   R11J:~ch,  then publication  by Harald  Hirschsprung  in  1886.  Ninety  percent   (90%)  located  i11  the rectosigmoid,  the entire colon can even the all co/011 (total colonic aganglionosis).   The absence  of ganglion  cells  resulted  in inhibition  of peristalsis,  resulting  in functional ileus may occur and excessive hypertrophy  and distension in the proximal  co/011.  Colon inloop  is typical; a narrowing of the lumen of the distal colon with sudden  widening  of proximal segment, the transition zone.  (JKS 2005;1 :14-20) Keyword:  Hirschprung 's disease.   transitional zone
HUBUNGAN GEJALA KLINIS, LUAS LESI RADIOLOGI DAN PEMERIKSAAN SPUTUM BTA DENGAN HASIL CD4+ PADA PASIEN KOINFEKSI TB-HIV DI RS PERSAHABATAN JAKARTA Novita Andayani
Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala Vol 12, No 2 (2012): Volume 12 Nomor 2 Agustus 2012
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

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AbstrakPendahuluan : Jumlah kasus TB paru dengan koinfeksi HIV/AIDS meningkat dengan cepat pada negara-negara berkembang. Agar dapat mendiagnosis dan memulai terapi profilaksis, perlu dilakukan penilaian gejala klinis, luas lesi radiologi dan pemeriksaan sputum BTA dengan perhitungan jumlah CD4+ agar dapat menjadi standar baku. Jumlah dari CD4+ dibutuhkan untuk menentukan tingkat infeksi HIV/AIDS.Metode : Bentuk penelitian ini berupa cross sectional dengan analisa  deskriptif  dengan penyajian bentuk tabel. Untuk analisis hubungan akan dilakukan uji Kai Kuadrat dan uji Fisher yang akan melihat hubungan antara gejala klinis, foto thoraks dan hasil sputum BTA dengan nilai CD4+ terhadap 74 sampel penderita TB paru dengan koinfeksi HIV.Hasil : Dari jumlah 74 pasien TB-HIV, 85,1% (n = 63) adalah laki-laki dan 14,9% (n = 11) adalah wanita. Hanya gejala klinis batuk yang terdapat hubungan dengan nilai CD4+ yaitu  pada kelompok pasien dengan nilai CD4+ ≥ 200 sel/µl  persentase lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan dengan nilai CD4+200 sel/µl (100% vs 63,1%;P =0,027). Luas lesi foto thoraks dan hasil sputum BTA tidak terdapat hubungan dengan nilai CD4+.Kesimpulan : Nilai CD4+ tidak dapat memprediksi terjadinya gejala TB-HIV, hampir semuanya mempunyai gejala tidak spesifik. Nilai CD4+ juga tidak dapat memprediksi terdapatnya sputum BTA positif maupun negatif dan hasil foto thoraks dengan lesi luas maupun minimal. (JKS 2012; 2: 81-89)AbstractIntroduction : The number of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with HIV/AIDS is increasing rapidly in developing countries. In order to diagnose and initiate prophylactic therapy, it is important to conduct clinical assessments, extensive radiological lesions and sputum smear examination by assessing the number of CD4 + as a gold standards for TB HIV diagnosis. The number of CD4 + is an important data to determine the infection rate of HIV/AIDS.Methods : This is a cross sectional study with a descriptive analysis presented in tables. The analysis of the relationship conducted by using Kai Square method and Fisher tests, which determine the relationship between clinical symptoms, thoracic photos and sputum smear results with CD4 + values on 74 samples of pulmonary TB patients co-infected with HIV.Results : Out of 74 patients with TB-HIV infection, 85.1% (n = 63) were male and 14.9% (n = 11) were female. Coughing is the only clinical symtomps that related with CD4 + values, which the percentage of coughing group of patients with a value ≥ 200 CD4 + cells / mL is higher than the percentage of the group with CD4 + 200 cells / mL (100% vs 63.1%, P = 0.027). The width of Thoracic lesions and the results of sputum smear have no correlation with CD4 + values.Conclusions : CD4 + value cannot predict the occurrence of symptoms of TB-HIV, almost all of them have no-specific symptoms. CD4 + value can not predict neither the presence of bacteria on sputum smear (positive or negative) or the images of thoracic lesions (extensive or minimal). (JKS 2012; 2: 81-89)
Analisis Pemaparan Radiasi Terhadap Profil Hematologi Pekerja Radiasi Divisi Radiologi Rumah Sakit Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Suhaedi, Eddi; Sulistiyani, Sulistiyani; Setiani, Onny
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 3, No 1 (2004): APRIL 2004
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.3.1.1 - 4

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background : In responding to the increasing community demand for radiological service, Dr. Kariadi Hospital has increased its modern radiological equipment, both for diagnostic and terapeutic services. To ensure quality radiation services, special knowledge and skills are required to protect the safety of both the radiation workers and the patients from hazardous radiation exposure for routine blood circulation or haematology, especially white blood cell ( leucocyte ) which are very sensitive towards biological effect of ionic radiation. Radiation impact my cause biological change in the muscles, in the form of direct action which may destroy macro biological molecule and inderect action through DNA wich impact the descendants of the radiation workers. This research also to know about the different count of leucosyt while of the radiation exposure of operation of x-ray mechine at Dr. Kariadi Hospital semarang. Therefore it is neccessary to conduct research is exfected to be used as an initial reference of the routin check – up each radiation worker. Methods : The method used is explanatory reserach with cross-sectinal approach, and written questionnaires as well as interviews of the respondents to attest differences t-tes is used whle for analysis of lenght of contact with radiation source, correlation test of rank Sperman. The amount of samples is 62 person from radilogical division, 31 person of radiation workers as with radiation source as : radiologist, radiograher, engineer, and physicist other is nnot direct contact whit source of radiation as : nurse, servant. Use of free random wityhreal catagories of samples, the differences pf haematology profile were analysed by t test and the corelation Test of Rank Spearman. Results : There was significant correlation between lenght of radiation and different count of total leucosyte, eosinophyl, segment, monocyte,and lympocyte. Observation during the research periode  June 2002 until Nopember 2003 ), reveals that on 90 % occation, the approns were not used by radiation workers eventhough approns were available in each radiation treatment rooms. Conclusions : based on the result of this research it can be concluded that it seem there is a significant differences of haematological profile between direct contact radiation workers and not direct contact radiation workers. Recomendation annual check-up of radiation workers ( in accordance with Goverment Regulation No. 63 of the year 2000 ), must ecarried out with more consistency and comprehensive haematological profile.   Key words :Profile of haematology, radiation exposure, radiation worker
Evaluasi Radiologi pada Kasus Fraktur Basis Kranii Angelika, Irene; Prasetyo, Eko
Jurnal Biomedik : JBM Vol 13, No 3 (2021): JURNAL BIOMEDIK : JBM
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/jbm.13.3.2021.33050

Abstract

Abstract: Skull base fractures, namely fractures that extend through the base of the anterior, middle, or posterior cranial fossa that occur in about 7% to 16% of non-perforating head injuries, are caused by trauma with relatively high velocity, and are most frequently caused by a high-speed motor vehicle accident. Pedestrian injuries, falls and assault are other related causes. Penetrating trauma, especially gunshot wounds, is much rarer and accounts for less than 10% of cases. This research method is in the form of literature review. The literature was collected using several databases, such as ClinicalKey and Google Scholar with the keywords radiology and base skull fracture, this article was obtained according to keywords and was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. There are 11 journals full text that will be reviewed according to the criteria consisting of one retrospective study, one clinical review, two literature reviews, three review articles, one prospective study, one case report, one descriptive study and one comparative study. This study shows that 11 literature reviews radiological evaluation in the case of cranii basis. In conclusion, radiology is the most important examination required in patients who are suspected of suffering from fracture of the base cranii is a non-contrast head CT scan.. Other radiological examinations that can be used are plain radiographs of the head, and angiography.Key words: Skull base fractures, basis cranii, radiology  Abstrak: Fraktur basis cranii, yaitu fraktur yang meluas melalui dasar fossa kranial anterior, tengah, atau posterior yang terjadi pada sekitar 7% hingga 16% dari cedera kepala non-perforans, disebabkan oleh trauma dengan kecepatan yang relatif tinggi, dan paling sering disebabkan oleh kecelakaan kendaraan bermotor berkecepatan tinggi. Cedera pejalan kaki, jatuh, dan penyerangan adalah penyebab terkait lainnya. Trauma tembus, terutama luka tembak jauh lebih jarang dan terhitung kurang dari 10% kasus. Metode penelitian ini dalam bentuk studi pustaka (lirerature review). Literature di kumpulkan menggunakan beberapa database, seperti ClinicalKey dan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci radiology dan base skull fracture, artikel ini didapatkan sesuai dengan kata kunci dan dilakukan skrining sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Terdapat 11 jurnal full text yang akan dilakukan review yang sesuai kriteria terdiri atas satu retrospective study, satu clinical review, dua literature review, tiga review article, satu prospective study, satu case report, satu descriptive study dan satu comparative study. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 11 literatur mengulas tentang evaluasi radiologi pada kasus basis cranii. Sebagai simpulan, radiologis merupakan pemeriksaan paling utama yang diperlukan pada pasien yang dicurigai menderita fraktur basis cranii adalah pemeriksaan CT-Scan non kontras kepala.. Pemeriksaan radiologi lain yang dapat digunakan adalah pemeriksaan foto polos kepala, dan angiografi.Kata kunci: Patah tulang dasar kepala, basis kranii, radiologi
Evaluasi Penerapan Proteksi Radiasi pada Pekerja Radiasi di Instalasi Radiologi RS Naili DBS, RS Selaguri, dan RS UNAND Aprizka Smartalova Syahda; Dian Milvita; Heru Prasetio
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 9 No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (505.169 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.9.4.517-523.2020

Abstract

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang penerapan proteksi radiasi pada pekerja radiasi di Instalasi Radiologi RS Naili DBS, RS Selaguri dan RS UNAND.  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dosis radiasi perorangan yang diterima pekerja radiasi, mengestimasi efek yang diterima pekerja radiasi serta mengevaluasi penerapan prinsip proteksi radiasi bagi pekerja radiasi.  Pada penelitian digunakan data sekunder untuk dosis radiasi perorangan pekerja radiasi dan data primer untuk laju paparan radiasi di instalasi radiologi menggunakan surveymeter fluke dengan tegangan pesawat sinar-X 80 kV.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis radiasi perorangan yang diterima pekerja radiasi pada ketiga rumah sakit dalam waktu 3 bulan di bawah Nilai Batas Dosis (NBD) yaitu (0-0,46) mSv dengan acuan NBD berdasarkan Perka BAPETEN No. 4 Tahun 2013 yaitu 20 mSv dalam satu tahun.  Efek radiasi yang diterima pekerja radiasi diperkirakan efek stokastik karena dosis radiasi perorangan yang diterima pekerja radiasi rendah.  Penerapan proteksi radiasi terkait waktu, jarak, dan penggunaan perisai radiasi ruang memenuhi standar BAPETEN No. 4 Tahun 2013, akan tetapi penggunaan APD sebagai perisai diri belum mengikuti standar. A research on the application of protection from radiation has been done in the radiology installation at Naili DBS Hospital, Selaguri Hospital, and University of Andalas Hospital.  This study aims to evaluate the radiation dose received by radiation workers, to estimate the effect of the radiation to the radiation workers and to evaluate the principal application of radiation protection to radiation workers. The research uses primary data for the radiation exposure rate in radiology installation by using survey meter fluke with 80 kV of X-ray energy and secondary data for the radiation dose for each individual. The result shows that the radiation dose received by the radiation workers on the aforementioned hospitals are below the Dose Limits (NBD) based on Perka BAPETEN No. 4 of 2013, which is (0–0.46) mSv for 3 months compared to 20 mSv for year which is the maximum amount allowed. The radiation effect sustained by the radiation workers is projected to be stochastic, due to the low rate of radiation dose rate. The application of radiation protection related to time, distance and the usage of a radiation shield meets the required standard of BAPETEN, but the usage of personal protective equipment as a self-defence mechanism has not met the required standard yet.
IMPLEMENTASI TELERADIOLOGI DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN MUTU LAYANAN RADIOLOGI BERBASIS SYARIAH Ali Roo’in Mas’uul; Triani Marwati
JKM (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat) Cendekia Utama Vol 8, No 1 (2020): JKM (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat) Cendekia Utama
Publisher : STIKES Cendekia Utama Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31596/jkm.v8i1.571

Abstract

Salah satu mutu pelayanan yang seringkali menjadi masalah di rumah sakit adalah waktu tunggu layanan radiologi yang lama, khususnya waktu tunggu hasil pelayanan thorax foto yang merupakan jumlah jenis foto paling banyak. Hal ini berdampak pada penanganan pasien dan psikologis pasien. Di RS Islam Yogyakarta PDHI, sejak 2016 layanan ini dievaluasi dan sepenuhnya belum memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan. Oleh karena itu, perlu upaya inovasi guna mengatasi hal ini yakni dengan penerapan teleradiologi dalam layanan radiologi sehingga dapat meminimalkan waktu tunggu. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan upaya peningkatan mutu waktu tunggu pelayanan radiologi berbasis syariah dengan penerapan teleradiologi di RS Islam Yogyakarta PDHI. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Action Reseacrh dengan melakukan kegiatan perancangan, implementasi dan obser vasi, dan refleksi yang dilakukan dengan bersiklus. Objek penelitian adalah waktu tunggu foto thorax di radiologi. Setting penelitian ini adalah di RSIY PDHI pada tahun 2017 – 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teleradiologi pada layanan radiologi ternyata dapat meningkatkan mutu layanan dengan waktu tunggu foto thorax yang lebih pendek atau mencapai standar KMK No. 1014 Tahun 2008 sehingga dengan hasil ini dapat digunakan pula sebagai media promosi RS sesuai Standar Syariah Manajemen Pemasaran (SSMP) 1.4.2 yaitu pemasaran sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, promosi pemasaran harus bersifat informatif, tidak komparatif, tidak berlebihan, berdasarkan Kode Etik Rumah Sakit Indonesia, berpijak pada dasar dan data yang nyata. Indikator waktu tunggu foto thorax dapat tercapai secara konsisten dengan rerata waktu tunggu pada shift siang yaitu kurang dari 3 jam. Selain itu dengan penerapan Teleradiologi juga dapat menghemat biaya pengadaan sistem PACS yang harganya mencapai ratusan juta serta dengan sistem ini semua arsip foto, hasil bacaan dan register pasien terarsipkan secara digital dan dapat diakses kapan saja sesuai kebutuhan yang diberikan wewenang. Selain itu, prosedur pelayanan syariah dalam pemeriksaan foto thorax dengan pengenaan kerudung syari bebas logam khusus pasien putri, menggunakan baju pasien bebas logam di Kesimpulannya bahwa penerapan teleradiologi telah berhasil memperpendek waktu tunggu foto thorax dan secara tidak langsung hal ini mampu meningkatkan mutu layanan di rumah sakit.Kata kunci: waktu tunggu foto thorax, teleradiologi, mutu layanan berbasis, syariah, keselamatan pasien
ANALISIS KUALITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI INSTALASI RADIOLOGI RSUD SYEKH YUSUF KABUPATEN GOWA Hasmawati Hasmawati; Najmi Kamariah; Alam Tauhid Syukur
Jurnal Administrasi Negara Vol 24 No 3 (2018): Jurnal Administrasi Negara
Publisher : Politeknik STIA LAN Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33509/jan.v24i3.415

Abstract

Abstract This research aims to find out the quality of health services in radiology department of Syekh Yusuf regional hospital in Gowa regency. The thinking model applied this study is the quality of health services which consist of five dimensions, namely reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and physical evidence. The research method used is descriptive quantitative research. The techniques of data collection include questionnaires, interviews, observations, and document review of informants involving 92 patients, a frontline officer, three radiographers and one radiologist. The result shows that the quality of health services in the department of radiology of Syekh Yusuf regional hospital Gowa measured from the five dimensions as follows; The average score for reliability is 4.6; the average achievements for responsiveness and assurance are 4.52 and 4.53 respectively; the average score for empathy is 4.43; and the average score for the achievement of tangibility (physical evidence) is 4.65. Thus, the overall standard of health services in the department of radiology is considered qualified. Therefore, it is expected that the hospital and all the radiology staffs of Syekh Yusuf regional hospital in Gowa enhance the service quality. Keywords: Service Quality, Health services, Radiology
Verifikasi Geometri Kanker Nasofaring dengan Epid pada Pesawat Linac di Unit Radioterapi Instalasi Radiologi RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang Ardi Soesilo Wibowo; Wiratno Wiratno; Bagus Abimanyu; Panji Wibowo Nurcahyo
Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) Vol 7, No 1: JANUARY 2021
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jimed.v7i1.6592

Abstract

Background: In Indonesia, nasopharyngeal cancer ranks 4th most in malignancies. As a method of treatment, the development of radiotherapy has made it possible to give high doses to tumors with little risk of healthy tissue, but still maintain accuracy by performing geometry verification procedures. The purpose of this study was to determine the geometry verification procedure of nasopharyngeal cancer with EPID on the Linac plane in RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang; the average geometric shift that occurs and why is only done before fractions 1 and 4 only.Methods: This type of research is qualitative with a case study approach. The data is taken from February 2019 to June 2019 by the method of observation, documentation and interviews. The data obtained were analyzed by interactive models, making transcripts of interviews then reduced and processed in the form of open coding, presented in the form of quotations and concluded.Results: The results showed that the geometry verification procedure was started by making a calendar treatment, adjusting the patient's setup at the origin point, switching to the iso center point. Take the image portal with EPID AP and Lateral projections. Match image portals with DRR images. Then the geometric shift data were obtained with a mean shift from the iso center in 5 patient samples: vertical axis 0.15 cm to superior; longitudinal -0.01 cm anteriorly and laterally 0.04 cm to the right. Tolerance limit of 0.3 cm. This verification is only done before fractions 1 and 4 because of the high service load.Conclusion: The geometry verification procedure has been going well with the results of the shift is still below the tolerance limit. Verification information before the 1st and 4th fractions was not enough to assess the accuracy of the irradiation carried out properly maintained. 
Teknik Pemeriksaan Kedokteran Nuklir Bone Scan di Instalasi Radiologi RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang Nanik Sudaryatmi; Siti Masrochah; Muhammad Erfansyah
Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) Vol 7, No 1: JANUARY 2021
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/jimed.v7i1.6657

Abstract

Background: A bone scan or commonly referred to as bone print is nuclear medicine examination using a radioactive substance or radiopharmaceutical that is inserted into the body through intravenous injection which aims to help diagnose abnormalities that occur in the bone. This imaging procedure uses a radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-MDP (methylenediphosphonate) is the most commonly used radiopharmaceutical.Methods: The patient will be injected with this radiopharmaceutical at a dose of 15-20 mCi, through the vein in the hand. Imaging can be done as soon as the radiopharmaceutical is injected or after a while to wait for the radiopharmaceutical to be distributed and absorbed by the bone, about 3-5 hours later. Imaging is done by three-phase method, namely the first phase (Vascular phase), the second phase (Blood Pool phase), and the third phase (Total body phase) l.Results: The bone scan method is an efficient examination because in 1x the imaging can provide a complete picture from the head to the foot. Evaluation of results, under normal conditions the distribution of radioactivity in the bone appears symmetrical.Conclusion: In the process of bone metastasis, it can be seen that typical pathological radioactivity can be multiple (multiple hot spots). Malignant tumors can be distinguished from benign tumors by blood pool examination.

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