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Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology
Published by Universitas Islam Riau
ISSN : 2503216X     EISSN : 25415794     DOI : 10.25299
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Earth & Planetary Sciences Engineering Environmental Science Physics
JGEET (Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment and Technology) published the original research papers or reviews about the earth and planetary science, engineering, environment, and development of Technology related to geoscience. The objective of this journal is to disseminate the results of research and scientific studies which contribute to the understanding, development theories, and concepts of science and its application to the earth science or geoscience field. Terms of publishing the manuscript were never published or not being filed in other journals, manuscripts originating from local and International. JGEET (Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment and Technology) managed by the Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Islam Riau.
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Articles 686 Documents
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Multitemporal Analysis of Aboveground Carbon Stock of Seagrass Meadows using Sentinel-2 in the Coastal Area of Bontang City in 2020-2024 Ravi, Avra Abida El; Wicaksono, Pramaditya
Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): Articles In Press Vol 11 No 3 2026
Publisher : UIR PRESS

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Abstract

Seagrass is one of the ecosystems that absorbs large amounts of carbon in the blue carbon ecosystem. This ecosystem also has many benefits, such as becoming the habitat for fish and improving water quality. However, there is degradation of the seagrass ecosystem that requires annual carbon inventory with Sentinel-2 which covers benthic habitat areas and has high spatial resolution. This study aims to map changes in the area and distribution of seagrass meadows, as well as to map and estimate changes in aboveground carbon stocks (AGC) of seagrass meadows in part of the coast of Bontang City, East Kalimantan annually with a range of 2020-2024. The methods used in this study include integration with field data, benthic habitat classification and AGC regression with the Random Forest (RF) algorithm, accuracy testing, and multitemporal mapping to detect changes. The results of this study indicate that the benthic habitat class is dominated by seagrass which remains from 2020 to 2024 covering an area of 2643.92 hectares and the area of seagrass tends to decrease from 2808.14 hectares to 2745.94 hectares. The benthic habitat classification used to classify the seagrass area has an Overall Accuracy of 65.9%. Meanwhile, the total estimation of Seagrass AGC decreased from 287.12 tons of carbon in 2020 to 265.6 tons in 2024 of carbon from an area of 3118.6 hectares. The model from the regression results was tested for accuracy with an RMSE of 2.09 gC/m2, R2 of 0.65, and a Plot Goodness of Fit of 1:1 which explains that the estimated AGC sample is positively correlated with the field AGC sample.
Multi-Criteria Geological Assessment for Geosite Prioritization in the Alteration Zone of Bogor Halimun Salak Geopark, West Java, Indonesia Setia Ritma Pamungkas, Helmi; Soesilo, Joko; Paripurno, Eko Teguh; Choiriah, Siti Umiyatun; Kadarisman, Denny Sukamto; Hilal, Syaiful; Firmansyah, Yudi; Pamungkas, Prambudhianto Putro; Abduhu, Nur Rizqih
Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): Articles In Press Vol 11 No 3 2026
Publisher : UIR PRESS

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Abstract

The sustainable development and conservation of geosites require an assessment that distinguishes geoheritage value from the physical capacity of land to support safe use. This study evaluates ten geosites in the hydrothermal alteration zone of the Bogor Halimun Salak Geopark, West Java, Indonesia, using an integrated multi-criteria geological framework. The Geological Agency scheme was modified by exchanging the weights assigned to groundwater availability (14 to 2) and soil-rock bearing capacity (2 to 14), while retaining the total supporting-factor weight. This modification was adopted because the original output was dominated by the hydrogeological pattern, whereas engineering suitability in clay-rich alteration zones is more directly controlled by material strength and stability. GIS overlay, laboratory-derived engineering-geology information, and field verification were used to integrate lithology, slope, bearing capacity, aquifer productivity, landslide susceptibility, and land-use constraints. The modified scheme expanded the high-suitability area from 2,673.88 to 5,898.13 ha, reduced the moderate class from 9,802.93 to 5,552.50 ha, and increased the low class to 2,985.28 ha, thereby improving spatial discrimination. Two geosites were classified as high suitability, two as moderate suitability, and six as low suitability. High-suitability sites are generally associated with competent volcanic rocks, gentle slopes, and relatively high bearing capacity, whereas low-suitability sites commonly occur in clay-rich altered materials with high plasticity, shrink-swell behaviour, and landslide constraints. The framework supports decision-making by separating locations suitable for controlled facilities from sites requiring restricted development and conservation-oriented management.
Optimization Optimization of Coastline Extraction Using MNDWI Thresholds and Machine Learning on Landsat Images of Wetlands in Northern East Java, Indonesia Shofura Afanin Nuha; Khakhim, Nurul; Wicaksono, Pramaditya
Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): Articles In Press Vol 11 No 3 2026
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This study evaluates and compares methods for extracting coastlines in the wetland coastal areas of northern East Java, specifically in Sidoarjo and Gresik Regencies, East Java, Indonesia. By analyzing eight scenarios that integrate bands from Landsat 8 imagery, the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), and the SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM) under two machine learning classifiers (Random Forest and Classification and Regression Trees) on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Using a dataset consisting of 180 ground-truth points, we found that Random Forest (RF) combined with MNDWI and DEM (Scenario 5) achieved the highest overall accuracy (OA = 76%, Kappa = 0.71) in the flat wetlands of Sidoarjo, which are dominated by aquaculture ponds and mangrove vegetation. In contrast to the diverse Gresik coastal area, where some regions are dominated by industry, the pure CART model (Scenario 6) yielded the best results (OA = 66%, Kappa = 0.60), as the addition of DEM and MNDWI caused overfitting due to extreme local spectral and vertical disturbances from the complex coastal structure. These results indicate that ensemble-based classification (RF) with elevation filtering is crucial for distinguishing the microtopography of aquaculture ponds from natural seawater, whereas a single decision tree (CART) performs better with raw spectral inputs in structurally heterogeneous coastal environments.
An Integrated GIS-Based Framework for Tsunami Evacuation Planning: Shelter Accessibility and Route Network Analysis in Palabuhanratu, Indonesia Zhafran, Muhammad Naufal; Putra, Heriansyah; Fauzan, Fauzan; Basuki, Achmad; Sudibyo, Tri; Ramadhanis, Zainab; Zafira, Aura Putri
Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): Articles In Press Vol 11 No 3 2026
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Abstract

Palabuhanratu is located along the southern coast of Java and is at high risk of tsunami disasters owing to seismic gaps along the Sunda subduction zone. The seismic gap could generate earthquakes up to 9.1 Mw, potentially triggering tsunamis as high as 20.2 meters. Mitigation efforts require evacuation sites that can be reached within a limited evacuation time, yet existing temporary evacuation sites are moderately to poorly accessible, with a substantial proportion of the affected population unable to reach them within 30 minutes. This study develops an integrated GIS-based framework linking tsunami hazard mapping and inundation modeling with affected-population assessment, shelter location planning, and evacuation route analysis. The methodological approach uses existing evacuation sites as a baseline and progressively evaluates alternative shelter configurations based on population coverage within a 30-minute travel-time constraint, followed by network-based evacuation route analysis for the selected shelter configuration. GIS-based spatial analysis estimated inundation areas of 3.57 km² and 6.44 km² under 10- and 20-meter tsunami scenarios, affecting 13,553 and 23,574 people, respectively. Existing evacuation sites were reachable by only 38% of the affected population under the 20-meter inundation scenario. The addition of three proposed shelter locations increased the modeled accessibility to 100% within the 30-minute travel-time threshold. Network analysis subsequently identified 55 evacuation routes connecting tsunami-affected areas to designated evacuation sites. The integrated framework provides a systematic basis for comparing shelter configurations and linking shelter planning with evacuation route development, thereby supporting comprehensive tsunami mitigation planning in vulnerable coastal communities.
GIS-Based Zoning for Integrating Geosite Inventory with Spatial Planning: Evidence from Meratus Geopark, Indonesia Fahriani, Rusdasopia; Firdaus, Usman; Ridhani, Muhammad Yusuf; Leliana, Defin Helda; Rahmitiasari, Resita; Setiawan, Kiky Permana
Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): Articles In Press Vol 11 No 3 2026
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Geopark planning often begins with geosite inventories, yet translating these inventories into spatial planning interpretations remains limited. This study develops a GIS-based zoning interpretation of Meratus Geopark, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, by examining how official geosite distribution, development-potential density, accessibility, formal spatial planning categories, and field-survey evidence jointly shape geopark management implications. Its principal contribution is the development of a reproducible GIS framework that transforms official geosite inventories into analytical zoning to support spatial planning decisions. The analysis used 54 official geosites and combined weighted kernel density estimation, accessibility analysis, spatial plan overlay, and sensitivity–suitability assessment within a GIS framework, with field observations used to validate representative zoning conditions. The results show that Meratus Geopark is spatially differentiated across four routes. The weighted KDE, based on 54 official geosites and 3,647 selected toponymy points, produced a statistically clustered pattern, with a nearest-neighbor index of 0.184, z-score of -11.478, and p-value < 0.001. Accessibility also varies strongly, from the highly accessible Western Route at 8.2 km from Tugu Nol Banjarmasin to the peripheral Northern Route at 121.1 km. The integrated analysis produced five proposed zoning categories: core zone, buffer zone, geopark corridor, limited development zone, and special management zone. The proposed workflow provides planning-relevant evidence for geopark managers and spatial planners to differentiate conservation priorities, visitor-service provision, mobility corridors, and site-specific management needs, while maintaining that the resulting zoning interpretation is analytical rather than legally binding.
An Environmental Study of Coal Sedimentation in the Leban Muara Bungo Area of Jambi and a Prediction of Its Quality Distribution Anarta, Rudy; Duha Ananda, Sri Sovia; Fadhly, Ahmad; Baharuddin, Ichsan Invanni; Aditya, Fariz
Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): Articles In Press Vol 11 No 3 2026
Publisher : UIR PRESS

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Abstract

Coal quality is affected by the depositional environment, characteristics of organic matter, and input of clastic sediments during peat formation. Although the link between depositional environment and coal quality has been widely studied in various coal basins, research that combines petrographic analysis, coal facies (TPI-GI and VI-GWI), coal quality, and geostatistics to assess the geological control over coal quality distribution in the Sinamar Formation remains very limited. This study aims to interpret the coal deposition environment of Seam C and analyze how the deposition environment relates to variations in coal quality in the Leban area, Jambi Province. The methods involved proximate and ultimate analysis, petrography, coal facies interpretation using the Tissue Preservation Index (TPI), Gelification Index (GI), Vegetation Index (VI), and Groundwater Index (GWI), along with descriptive statistics and spatial modeling with Ordinary Kriging based on 47 drilling data points. The findings show that Seam C coal has an average ash content of 6.60 %, total sulfur of 0.70 %, moisture of 12.14 %, and a calorific value of 6324.74 kcal/kg. Petrographic analysis reveals a dominance of vitrinite maceral with vitrinite reflectance between 0.44-0.46 %, while coal facies analysis indicates that most samples from the WBS, LMH, and AKA sites formed in an Upper Delta Plain environment with telmatic to wet forest swamp facies. Meanwhile, the BA1 site developed in a Lower Delta Plain environment with marsh facies, influenced by a higher influx of clastic sediments. Spatial analysis shows increased ash and sulfur levels in the northern part of the study area, while calorific value tends to be higher in the southwest. The results suggest that variations in Seam C coal quality are mainly controlled by changes in depositional facies, while the degree of coalification remains relatively uniform across the study area. The novelty of this research lies in its integrated approach, combining petrographic analysis, coal facies, coal quality, and geostatistics to explore the relationship between depositional environment and the spatial distribution of coal quality in the Sinamar Formation. This method offers a more complete understanding of the geological factors influencing coal quality and can support resource evaluation and coal exploration planning in the Sinamar Formation and other coal basins with similar features.

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