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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 9 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 29, No 2 (2010)" : 9 Documents clear
Accommodative insufficiency as cause of asthenopia in computer-using students Amalia, Husnun; Suardana, Gusti G.; Artini, Widya
Universa Medicina Vol 29, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2010.v29.78-83

Abstract

To date the use of computers is widely distributed throughout the world and the associated ocular complaints are found in 75-90% of the population of computer users. Symptoms frequently reported by computer users were eyestrain, tired eyes, irritation, redness, blurred vision, diplopia, burning of the eyes, and asthenopia (visual fatigue of the eyes). A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the etiology of asthenopia in computer-using students. A questionnaire consisting of 15 items was used to assess symptoms experienced by the computer users. The ophthalmological examination comprised visual acuity, the Hirschberg test, near point accommodation, amplitude accommodation, near point convergence, the cover test, and the alternate cover test. A total of 99 computer science students, of whom 69.7% had asthenopia, participated in the study. The symptoms that were significantly associated with asthenopia were visual fatigue (p=0.031), heaviness in the eye (p=0.002), blurred vision (p=0.001), and headache at the temples or the back of the head (p=0.000). Refractive asthenopia was found in 95.7% of all asthenopia patients with accommodative insufficiency (AI), constituting the most frequent cause at 50.7%. The duration of computer use per day was not significantly associated with the prevalence of asthenopia (p=0.700). There was a high prevalence of asthenopia among computer science students, mostly caused by refractive asthenopia. Accommodation measurements should be performed more routinely and regularly, maybe as screening, especially in computer users.
Type IV collagen as marker of fibrosis in nonalcoholic liver disease Alvina, Alvina
Universa Medicina Vol 29, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2010.v29.114-122

Abstract

Currently nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are medical problems associated with the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia, usually designated as the metabolic syndrome associated with insulin resistance. One study demonstrated an increase in NAFLD prevalence of around 17-33% and in NASH prevalence of 5.7-16.5%. NAFLD comprises a range of mild to severe conditions, from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis is important for prognosis, stratification for treatment, and monitoring of treatment efficacy. Ultrasonography (USG) is a simple method for detecting fatty infiltrates in the liver. USG has a sensitivity of 82-89% and a specificity of 93%, but cannot differentiate between hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The gold standard for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis is liver biopsy, which however is a painful and invasive procedure. Currently determination of serum type IV collagen has been suggested as an alternative to liver biopsy among the non-invasive methods for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis, as its serum concentration is closely correlated with advanced hepatic fibrosis in NASH. Type IV collagen is one of the components of basement membrane and its serum concentration is indicative of degradation of the extracellular matrix.
Prevalence of headache and impact on anxiety in adults Febriannie, Angela; Sanusi, Renobulan; Fahdiyani, Reny; Dwianasari, Riani
Universa Medicina Vol 29, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2010.v29.84-89

Abstract

Headache is an extremely common symptom that may have profound impact on peoples’ functioning and quality of life. The two most common primary headache disorders, migraine and tension-type headache, have an annual prevalence of respectively 11% and 40% in adults. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalences of headache and anxiety in primary care patients and the impact of headache on anxiety in these patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 adult patients attending a primary health center. Outcome measures included headache impact test scores and Zung-self rating anxiety scale. The mean age of the respondents was 34.6 ± 5.2 years (range 22 - 44 years). Sixty one respondents (43.6%) in the preceding month had suffered from headaches that affected their lives, and 91 respondents (65.0%) had anxiety symptoms and a raw anxiety score of more than 40. There was a significant association between headaches affecting the lives of the respondents and the anxiety resulting from the headache (p=.0001). Among 16 respondents with attacks of headaches that severely affected their lives, 87.5% were disturbed by anxiety. In conclusion, there was a relatively high proportion of patients in the primary care setting experiencing headaches that potentially affected their lives and had an impact on their anxiety. It may be appropriate to encourage patients to inform their health-care providers about their headaches and to encourage providers to identify patients with frequent headaches.
The benefits of physical activity for old and young Tjan, Richard
Universa Medicina Vol 29, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2010.v29.i-ii

Abstract

There is now ample scientific evidence that elderly persons, will benefit from physical activity in a similar manner as the younger generations. Regular physical activity of at least moderate intensity reduces the risk of cardiovascular major events, leading to the conclusion that physical inactivity is a major cardiovascular risk factor. The underlying molecular mechanism may be that moderate physical activity leads to a reduction of oxidative stress.(1) In a prospective cohort of 21,094 men (mean age, 53 years) without known coronary heart disease at baseline in the Physicians’ Health Study, it was shown that vigorous physical activity (defined as ‘exercise to the point of breaking a sweat’) was associated with a decreased risk of heart failure, whereas elevated BMI (even in the pre-obese range) was associated with an increased risk.(2) Numerous studies have also demonstrated the benefits of daily physical activity for the elderly in maintaining functional independence, defined as ‘the capacity to carry out activities of daily living’. Paterson and Warburton in 2010 conducted a systematic review of the relationship between physical activity of healthy community-dwelling elderly (age range 66 - 84 years) and functional limitations, disability, or loss of independence by analysis of prospective cohort studies reported in the literature. Among 2,309 citations from electronic bibliographical databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, SportDiscus) the investigators analyzed 66 prospective studies and concluded that “regular aerobic activity and short-term exercise programmes confer a reduced risk of functional limitations and disability in older age”.
Serum estradiol levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women Mawi, Martiem
Universa Medicina Vol 29, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2010.v29.90-95

Abstract

Postmenopausal women are at high risk of disease, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, malignancies, dementia and osteoporosis. This is due to decreased levels of estrogen/estradiol, produced mainly in the ovaries, leading to reduced bone mineral density (BMD), which is the gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between serum estradiol levels and BMD in postmenopausal women. The study, which was of cross-sectional design, involved 184 postmenopausal women meeting the inclusion criteria, viz. healthy postmenopausal women aged between 47 and 60 years having taken no hormonal medications in the previous 3 years. The subjects were assessed for anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, including BMD and serum estradiol levels. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, right femoral neck and at the distal radius by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) instrument. The mean serum estradiol concentration was 7.54 ± 4.65 pg/ml, while in 49.5% of the subjects the estradiol concentration was £ 5 pg/ml. In postmenopausal women with estradiol concentrations of > 5 pg/ml, a significant positive relationship was found between BMD and the T-scores for the femoral neck. Thus the higher the serum estradiol levels, the higher the BMD values for femoral neck region. In conclusion, the results of this study point to estradiol levels as a major factor in determining the BMD values in postmenopausal women.
Dengue virus transovarial transmission by Aedes aegypti Hartanti, Monica Dwi; Suryani, Suryani; Tirtadjaja, Ingrid A.
Universa Medicina Vol 29, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2010.v29.65-70

Abstract

Dengue is a disease that is caused by dengue virus and transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti. The disease is hyper-endemic in Southeast Asia, where a more severe form, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), is a major public health concern. The purpose of the present study was to find evidence of dengue virus transovarial transmision in local vectors in Jakarta. Fifteen Aedes larvae were collected in 2009 from two areas in Tebet subdistrict in South Jakarta, namely one area with the highest and one with the lowest DHF prevalence. All mosquitoes were reared inside two cages in the laboratory, eight mosquitoes in one cage and seven mosquitoes in another cage and given only sucrose solution as their food. The results showed that 20% of the mosquitoes were positive for dengue virus. Dengue virus detection with an immunohistochemical method demonstrated the occurrence of transovarial transmission in local DHF vectors in Tebet subdistrict. Transovarial dengue infection in Ae.aegypti larvae appeared to maintain or enhance epidemics. Further research is needed to investigate the relation of dengue virus transovarial transmission with DHF endemicity in Jakarta.
Impact of smoking and obesity on rheumatic disease in persons of productive age Tana, Lusianawaty; Mutiatikum, Daroham
Universa Medicina Vol 29, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2010.v29.96-103

Abstract

Arthritis is a disease of the joints that causes pain and musculoskeletal stiffness, and may cause limitation of joint movement. Age, obesity, smoking behavior, and occupation are risk factors for rheumatic diseases. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of body mass index (BMI), smoking behavior, and occupation on rheumatic disease among persons of productive age in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using National Basic Health Research data. The inclusion criterion was age 15-64 years. Rheumatic disease diagnosis was based on interview results and was defined as the presence of a history of rheumatic disease diagnosed by health professionals and/or rheumatic symptoms in the past 12 months. The study sample consisted of 609.097 persons who fulfilled the inclusion criterion. Compared to persons with normal BMI, rheumatic disease was more prevalent in the overweight (OR 1.25; 95%CI 1.21—1.29) and the obese (OR 1.52; 95%CI 1.47—1.56), but less prevalent in the underweight (OR 0.91; 95%CI 0.88—0.93). Compared to non-smokers, rheumatic disease was more prevalent in every day smokers (OR 1.65; 95%CI 1.60—1.70), occasional smokers (OR 1.41; 95%CI 1.35—1.47), and ex-smokers (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.76—1.95). Measures for prevention of rheumatic disease are needed, e.g. through education to increase knowledge about the impact of smoking and obesity on rheumatic disease.
RET single nucleotide polymorphism in Indonesians with sporadic Hirschsprung’s disease Saryono, Saryono; Rochadi, Rochadi; Lestariana, Wiryatun; Artama, Wayan T; Sadewa, Ahmad Hamim
Universa Medicina Vol 29, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2010.v29.71-77

Abstract

The tyrosine kinase receptor RET, which is the protein product of the RET gene, is involved in the development of the mammalian nervous system that causes Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR). RETs are cell surface molecules that are expressed in cells derived from the neural crest. The purpose of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of the RET gene in HSCR in the Yogyakarta population. Genomic DNA was extracted from surgically removed bowel tissues of 54 unrelated HSCR patients. Exon 2 of the RET gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Molecular results were compared with clinical performance of Hirschsprung patients. RET polymorphism was detected in exon 2 in all of the 54 Indonesian HSCR patients. The allelic distribution of the c135GàA polymorphism in the RET exon 2 indicated that the A allele was more frequent in patients than in control individuals (chi-square test, p= 0.001). Thus the RET variant allele A is over-represented in patients affected with the HSCR phenotype. Polymorphism of exon 2 of the RET gene was found in sporadic Hirschsprung’s disease in the Yogyakarta population, which suggests that the RET gene plays important roles in the pathogenesis of HSCR.
Host-parasite interactions and mechanisms of infection in amebiasis Suriptiastuti, Suriptiastuti
Universa Medicina Vol 29, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Trisakti University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2010.v29.104-113

Abstract

Amebiasis is caused by E. histolytica, which is the only species pathogenic in humans, while the pathogeneicity of E. dispar and E. moshkovskii is still unclear. The disease is endemic in the developing countries, mainly due to poor sanitation and lack of clean water supplies. Infection occurs by ingestion of E. histolytica cysts in fecally contaminated food or water. Excystation in the small intestine releases motile invasive trophozoites which migrate to the large intestine, adhere to the colonic epithelium by means of galactose and an amebic surface antigen, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectin. This results in killing of epithelial cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes by the trophozoites, presumably through secretion of the pore-forming proteins called amebapores and activation of caspase 3. The trophozoite virulence factor, cysteine proteinase, induces an inflammatory response, resulting in neutrophil-mediated damage. Hematogenous spread of trophozoites causes extraintestinal amebiasis, particularly amebic liver abscess (ALA), in the formation of which caspase 3 presumably also plays a role. The trophozoites in the liver induce tissue destruction, cellular necrosis and formation of microabcesses that coalesce into a large solitary abscess in 65-75% of cases. Results from pediatric studies reveal that partial immunity is acquired after infection with E.histolytica, the immunity however declining with age.

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