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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 34 No. 1 (2015)" : 10 Documents clear
Family support is not a risk factor of negative self-esteem in HIV/AIDS women Jean Valeria; Surilena Surilena; Yanto Budiman; Samsuridjal Djauzi; Haridana Indah
Universa Medicina Vol. 34 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.61-67

Abstract

BACKGROUND Women with HIV/AIDS (WLWHA) have a complex psychosocial burden and a tendency to negative self-esteem, possibly resulting in mental and emotional problems. They need family support to deal with the HIV/AIDS infection and its psychosocial burden. The purpose of this study was to determine chacteristics of family support, self-esteem, and depression of WLWHA and the relationship between family support and self-esteem and depression. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study of 99 WLWHA infected through their husbands/partners, with no history of drug abuse. The data was taken by a consecutive sampling of two proportions test at Dharmais Cancer Hospital from November 2013 – January 2014. The instruments comprised a demographic questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem questionnaire, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and a family support questionnaire. The data was analyzed by binary logistic regression. RESULTS There were 99 respondents with mean age of 36 years, of whom 44.4% were high school graduates, 54.5% unemployed, and 91.9% had HIV/ AIDS for more than a year. Binary logistic regression analysis showed no significant relationship between family support and self-esteem (p=0.700) and depression (p=0.396). Good family support has a protective effect of 1.3 times (OR=0.772; 95%CI: 0.138-3.770) towards increasing self-esteem, whereas poor family support increases the risk of depression 1.5 times (OR=1.477; 95%CI: 0.598-3.645) in WLWHA infected with HIV/AIDS from their husband/partner. CONCLUSIONS Good family support tend to have a protective effect towards increasing self-esteem, whereas poor family support increases the risk of depression in WLWHA infected with HIV/AIDS from their husband/partner.
Centella asiatica increases B-cell lymphoma 2 expression in rat prefrontal cortex Kuswati Kuswati; Djoko Prakosa; Brian Wasita; Nanang Wiyono
Universa Medicina Vol. 34 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.10-16

Abstract

BACKGROUNDStress is one of the factors that cause apoptosis in neuronal cells. Centellaasiatica has a neuroprotective effect that can inhibit apoptosis. This studyaimed to examine the effect of Centella asiatica ethanol extract on B-celllymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein expression in the prefrontal cortex of rats.METHODSAn experimental study was conducted on 34 brain tissue samples from maleSprague Dawley rats exposed to chronic restraint stress for 21 days. Thesamples were taken from following groups: non-stress group K, negativecontrol group P1 (stress + arabic gum powder), P2 (stress + C.asiatica at150 mg/kgBW), P3 (stress + C.asiatica at 300 mg/kg BW), P4 (stress +C.asiatica at 600 mg/kg body weight) and positive control group P5 (stress+ fluoxetine at 10 mg/kgBW). The samples were made into sections thatwere stained immunohistochemically using Bcl-2 antibody to determine thepercentage of cells expressing Bcl-2. Data were analyzed using one wayANOVA test followed by a post - hoc test.RESULTSThere were significant differences in mean Bcl-2 expression between thegroups receiving Centella asiatica compared with the non-stress group andstress-only group (negative control group) (p<0.05). The results werecomparable to those of the fluoxetine treatment group.CONCLUSIONThe Centella asiatica ethanol extract was able to increase Bcl-2 expressionin the prefrontal cortex of Sprague Dawley rats exposed to restraint stress.This study suggests that Centella asiatica may be useful in the treatment ofcerebral stress.
Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate from Kaempferia galanga inhibits angiogenesis through tyrosine kinase Juni Ekowati; Suko Hardjono; Iwan Sahrial Hamid
Universa Medicina Vol. 34 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.43-51

Abstract

BACKGROUNDMany tumors express on their receptor tyrosine kinases vascular endothelialgrowth factor activity associated with angiogenesis. Inhibition ofangiogenesis through reduction of tyrosine kinase activity is a promisingstrategy for cancer therapy. The present study aimed to determine themechanism and potency of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) isolatedfrom Kaempferia galanga as angiogenesis inhibitor.METHODSA laboratory experimental study was conducted using chorio-allantoicmembranes (CAMs) of nine-day old chicken eggs induced by 60ng basicfibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) potencywas determined at dosages of 30, 60, 90 and 120 μg and compared withcelecoxib 60 μg as reference drug and one negative bFGF-induced controlgroup. Neovascularization and endothelial cell count in CAM blood vesselswere evaluated. To predict the antiangiogenic mechanism of EPMC, adocking study was performed with the Molegro Virtual Docker program ontyrosine kinase as receptor (PDB 1XKK).RESULTSAngiogenesis stimulation by bFGF was prevented significantly (p<0.05)by EPMC at dosages of 30, 60, 90 and 120 μg and this activity was dosedependent. Molecular docking showed interaction between EPMC functionalgroups and tyrosine kinase amino acids at Met766, Met793, Thr854, Thr790,Gln791 and Ala743. There was an association between EPMCantiangiogenic activity and docking study results.CONCLUSIONSEthyl p-methoxycinnamate is a potential new angiogenesis inhibitor throughinteraction with tyrosine kinase. EPMC could be a promising therapeuticagent for treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases.
Soursop leaf extract increases neuroglia and hepatic degeneration in female rats Ety Sri Handayani; Zainuri Sabta Nugraha; Prilly i Raleka Pahlevawati
Universa Medicina Vol. 34 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.17-24

Abstract

BACKGROUNDSoursop leaf contains annonaceous acetogenins and alkaloids. Theacetogenins act as inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I, suppress ATPproduction and cause cell degeneration, whereas the alkaloids act asneurotoxins. Neuronal degeneration will be followed by an increase inneuroglia (gliosis). Hepatic clear cell foci represent the morphology of liverdegeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of soursopleaf extract on number of neuroglia brain gliosis and hepatic clear cells infemale rats.METHODSThis study was an experimental study with a post-test only control groupdesign. Ten female Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into one controland one treatment group. The control group was gavaged with distilled water,while the treatment group was gavaged with aqueous soursop leaf extract ata dose of 1000 mg/kgBW/day for 90 days. Rat brain tissue samples weretaken at day 91 with a transcardial perfusion technique. The number ofneuroglia in rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra, and nucleusaccumbens and the number of hepatic clear cells were determined.Independent t-test was used to examine the differences in the numbers ofneuroglia and hepatic clear cells between control and treatment groupsRESULTSThe results of independent t-test analysis found a significant difference inthe number of neuroglia in the cerebral cortex (p=0.015) and nucleusaccumbens of the rats (p=0.030), and significant differences in the numberof hepatic clear cells (p=0.029).CONCLUSIONSAqueous soursop leaf extract orally increases neuroglia of the cerebral cortexand nucleus accumbens, and hepatic degeneration in female rats.
Benefits of smoking cessation for coronary heart disease patients Adi Hidayat
Universa Medicina Vol. 34 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.1-2

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence increases with age and is frequently higher in the elderly.(1) Therefore prevention of CVD in the elderly through management of risk factors is important in order to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). There are several risk factors of CVD that can be modified, such as smoking, physical activity, and unhealthy diet. Cessation of smoking is the most potent measure to prevent thousands of CVD events and death
Induction of Plasmodium falciparum strain 2300 dormant forms by artemisinin Lilik Maslachah; Yoes Prijatna Dachlan; Chairul A. Nidom; Loeki Enggar Fitri
Universa Medicina Vol. 34 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.25-34

Abstract

BACKGROUND The presence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance and decreased efficacy of artemisinin and its derivatives has resulted in the issue of malaria becoming increasingly complex, because there have been no new drugs as artemisinin replacements. The aims of this research were to evaluate in vitro changes in ultrastructural morphology of P. falciparum 2300 strain after exposure to artemisinin. METHODS The research used an experimental design with post test only control group. Cultures of P. falciparum 2300 strain in one control and one mutant group were treated by exposure to artemisinin at IC50 10-7 M for 48 hours. Ultrastructural phenotypic examination of ring, trophozoite and schizont morphology and developmental stage in the control and mutant group were done at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours by making thin blood smears stained with 20% Giemsa for 20 minutes and examined using a microscope light at 1000x magnification. RESULTS Dormant forms occurred after 48 hours of incubation with IC50 10-7 M artemisinin in the control group. In the mutant group, dormant forms, trophozoites with blue cytoplasm and normal schizont developmental stages were seen. Ultrastructural phenotypic morphology at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 hours showed that in the control group dormant formation already occurred with exposure to IC50 10-7 M, while in the mutant group dormant formation occurred only with exposure to IC50 2.5x10-5 M. CONCLUSION Exposure to artemisinin antimalarials in vitro can cause phenotypic morphological changes of dormancy in P. falciparum Papua 2300 strain.
High toluene exposure risk increases risk of olfactory dysfunction in furniture workers Magdalena Wartono; Herkutanto Herkutanto; Niken Lestari
Universa Medicina Vol. 34 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.68-76

Abstract

BACKGROUNDFew studies have investigated the impact on olfactory functioning ofoccupational exposure to toluene, an industrial solvent used in paints andcleaning fluids. The estimated olfactory dysfunction prevalence is 0.5–5%. Patients frequently do not complain about olfactory dysfunction.However, occupational exposure to chemicals may affect workers’ healthand safety, because of their continuous inhalation. This study aimed toexamine the relationship between toluene exposure and olfactorydysfunction in furniture workers.METHODSThis was a cross-sectional study involving 65 workers. Data collectionwas by observation and interview on demographic characteristics, historyof habits, and symptoms of chronic rhinitis. Risk of exposure scores wereevaluated from potential hazard, exposure level, duration of employment,type of work, use of masks, ventilation of work space, and education andtraining. Olfactory function was tested using Sniffin’ Sticks, anddetermination of environmental toluene level was by personal sampling.The odds ratio was used to test correlations between variables.RESULTSOnly 44 subjects could be analyzed, 37 (84.1%) of whom had olfactorydysfunction. Workers with high toluene exposure had a significantly 12.5-fold risk of olfactory dysfunction in comparison with those with lowexposure (OR=12.5; CI 95% 1.35 – 115.79).CONCLUSIONSToluene exposure increases risk of olfactory dysfunction in furnitureworkers. Olfactory function testing should be considered for initialscreening or periodic testing of furniture workers. Low toluene levels witha high proportion of olfactory dysfunction indicate that olfactory dysfunctionis an early negative impact of chemical inhalation.
Fetal blood vessel count increases in compensation of hypoxia in premature placentas K Kartini; Ahmad A Jusuf; Sri Widia A Jusman; M Ekawati; Ani R Prijanti
Universa Medicina Vol. 34 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.35-42

Abstract

BACKGROUND Prematurity refers to live births before 37 weeks of gestation, wherein the baby is born before the body and its organ systems achieve perfect maturity, and this disorder is still a global problem. The high incidence of prematurity is a problem in developing and also in developed countries. Certain conditions accompanying pregnancies like preeclampsia, infection, and placental insufficiency, may trigger uterine hypoxia, causing premature birth. The placental condition is related to the intra-uterine fetal condition. In prolonged placental hypoxia, there occurs a compensatory mechanism, i.e. an increase in placental angiogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hypoxia on fetal blood vessel count as compensatory mechanism for tissue hypoxia. METHODS An observational-analytical cross-sectional design using paraffin blocks of conserved premature placentas, comprising 31 samples of hypoxic premature placentas and 28 samples of non-hypoxic premature placentas, selected using non-random consecutive sampling. The samples were made into slides and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for assessment of histological structure, including fetal blood vessel count and integrity, villus conditions, syncytiotrophoblastic nuclear changes, and syncytiotrophoblastic nuclear aggregation. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the difference of blood vessel count between groups. RESULTS Assessment of histological structure showed a significant increase in fetal blood vessel count in the hypoxic group [8.00 (5-15)] as compared with the non-hypoxic group [7.50 (3-15)]. CONCLUSION The hypoxia in premature placentas caused an increase in the number of fetal blood vessels as a form of compensation for disturbed oxygen homeostasis.
Zinc supplementation improves heme biosynthesis in rats exposed to lead Budi Santoso; Hertanto Wahyu Subagio; Lisyani Suromo; Henna Rya Sunomo
Universa Medicina Vol. 34 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.3-9

Abstract

BACKGROUNDLead acetate (Pb) inhibits heme biosynthesis through inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase (δ-ALAD), copro porphyrinogenoxidase, and ferro chelatase. Zinc supplementation increases lead-bindingmetallothionein proteins. The purpose of this study was to find evidence that zinc supplementation prior to lead exposure improves heme biosynthesis in ratsMETHODSThis was a randomized post-test only control-group design study involving 28 rats assigned to 4 groups (1 control and 3 treatment groups). The treatment groups were supplemented with zinc at doses of 0.2, 0.4, and0.8 mg daily by gavage for 3 weeks. From week 4 to 13, all groups wereexposed to lead 0.5 g/kg BW/day by gavage. At the end of week 13, δ-ALAD, erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EPP), and heme concentrations were determined by means of ELISA. One-way ANOVA, followed byBonferroni’s test was used to analyse the data.RESULTSMean δ-ALAD concentrations decreased from the control group down totreatment group 3 (0.24 ± 0.20; 0.15 ± 0.15; 0.12 ± 0.11; 0.05 ± 0.06 ng/mean per unit). Mean EPP concentrations decreased from the control group down to treatment group 3 (1.96 ± 0.50; 1.24 ± 0.24; 1.03 ± 0.05; 0.62 ± 0.16 ng/mL). Mean heme concentrations increased from the controlgroup up to treatment group 3 (8.07 ± 2.64; 10.11 ± 2.27; 10.04 ± 1.65;11.41 ± 2.58 μM). ANOVA followed by Bonferroni showed that EPP concentrations differed significantly between the control group and treatment group 3 (p=0.00).CONCLUSIONZinc supplementation prior to lead exposure improves heme biosynthesis in rats exposed to lead.
Lipiodol retention pattern predicts transarterial chemoembolization therapeutic effect in hepatocellular carcinoma Margaretha Vianny; Gunawan Santosa; Eddy Soedijanto
Universa Medicina Vol. 34 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2015.v34.52-60

Abstract

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence is increasing in Asia and Africa. Locoregional minimally invasive transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the palliative therapy of choice, improving survival rate. Adequate lipiodol dose calculation in TACE is necessary to produce good therapeutic effect. Lipiodol retention pattern can predict TACE therapeutic effect. This study aimed to determine correlation of lipiodol volume/tumor volume (L/V) ratio and lipiodol volume/tumor diameter (L/D) ratio with lipiodol retention pattern in post-TACE CT-scans of HCC patients. METHODS This cohort prospective study was done from November 2013 to March 2014 on eighteen HCC patients with post-TACE therapy in Dr.Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, fullfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Lipiodol retention pattern was observed on 28 days post-TACE and classified as type I (lipiodol accumulation in tumor and surrounding area), type II (homogenous accumulation in tumor only), and type III (partial accumulation). The Spearman correlation test was used to determine any relationships between the various variables studied. RESULTS Spearman correlation test showed that lipiodol volume had significant moderate correlation with lipiodol retention pattern (r=-0.684; p=0.002). Both L/V and L/D ratios had moderately significant correlation with lipiodol retention pattern (r=0.511; p=0.030; and r=0.518; p=0.028, respectively). CONCLUSION Correlations of L/V ratio L/D ratio with lipiodol retention pattern were both moderately significant. Lipiodol dose calculation based on L/V ratio is suggested considering the irregular three-dimensional form of the tumor, making volumetric measurement more appropriate.

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