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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
Location
Kota manado,
Sulawesi utara
INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 1, No 1 (2012)" : 10 Documents clear
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MAYANA (Coleus atropurpureus [L] Benth) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli DAN Pseudomonas aeruginosa SECARA IN-VITRO Mpila, Deby; Fatimawali, Fatimawali; Wiyono, Weny
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.440

Abstract

The aims of this research were to study antibacterial activity, effective concentration and effect ofincreasing concentrations of ethanolic extract from mayana leaf (Coleus atropurpureus [L] Benth) onbacteria growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Extraction was done by maceration using ethanol 96%. Antibacterial activity test was done by usingpitting method, Kirby and Bauer agar difussion with modification. The result was analyzed by Oneway anova, followed by Duncan test. The result showed that extract concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40 and80%) possess bacterial inhibition activity. Extract concentrations (20, 40 and 80%) were effectivelyinhibit S. aureus growth and on effective concentration to inhibit E. coli were at 10, 20, 40 and 80%,while for P. aeruginosa were at 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80% extracts. The increase concentrations ofmayana extract shows high inhibition diameter of bacterial growth.Keywords : Antibacterial activity, Coleus atropurpureus [L] Benth, pathogen bacterial, agar difussionmethod
ANALISIS KEBERADAAN RHODAMIN B PADA IKAN CAKALANG FUFU YANG BEREDAR DI PASARAN KOTA MANADO Dianti, Ni Wayan; Fatimawali, Fatimawali; Yudistira, Adithya
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.443

Abstract

Rhodamin B is a synthetic dye that was banned for use in foods and is certified as a hazardousmaterial according to Minister of Health of Indonesian Republic No. 722/Menkes/Per/IX/1988because it can cause liver, kidney, and spleen damage, and followed by anatomical changes in theform of organ enlargement. Rhodamin B dye is often used for a food and beverage products. Thestudy was conducted to identify Rhodamin B on cakalang fufu in the market of Manado city.Cakalang fufu samples were taken from four markets in the city of Manado, namely : the Paal 2market, Bahu market, Karombasan market and Bersehati 45 Market. Samples were extracted by twomethods, the method of extraction followed by purification and extraction method using wool yarnand absorption followed by identification using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and detected withUV light 254 nm and 366 nm. Rhodamin B content is read using a UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Theresult showed that out of eight samples examined with two tests, there are four samples containingRhodamin B with higher levels of the average value of Rhodamin B in samples, that is from themerchant two of Bahu Market is 0,054 ug/ml, at merchant two Karombasan market is 0.184 ug/ml,34merchant one at Bersehati 45 Market is 0.103 ug/ml and merchant two at Bersehati 45 is 0.514 ug/ml.Based on these results, some of cakalang fufu circulating in Manado City Markets are not safe forconsumption.Keywords: Rhodamin B, Cakalang fufu, TLC and UV-Vis spectrophotometry
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA FLAVONOID DALAM DAUN BELUNTAS (Pluchea indica L.) Koirewoa, Yohanes Adithya; Fatimawali, Fatimawali; Wiyono, Weny
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.445

Abstract

Isolation and identification flavonoid compounds in beluntas leaf (Pluchea indica L.) have beenconducted. Isolation was carried out by using 96% p.a ethanol solvent of maceration extraction for 7days and partition using n-heksana solvent to obtain concentrated beluntas leaf extract. The extractwas purified by thin layer chromatography using eluent n-butanol : asetic acid : water (BAA) (4:1:5).Isolate 3, result from thin layer chromatography contain flavonoid compound. Ultra Violet - Visiblespectra showed that the flavonoid compound was flavonol, with characteristic wavelengths from 250to 280 nm for band II and 350-385 nm for band I.Keywords: beluntas, flavonoid, Thin Layer Chromatography, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
UJI EFEKTIFITAS DAYA ANTELMINTIK INFUS DAUN KETEPENG CINA (Cassia alata L.) TERHADAP CACING GELANG (Ascaris lumbricoides) SECARA IN VITRO lasut, Virginia; yamlean, Paulina; Supriati, Hamidah
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.438

Abstract

ABSTRACTSuffer from worms is a chronic and endemic disease caused by parasite worm in high prevalence, notdeadly, but gnaw the health of the people therefore decrease the nutrient. The purposes of thisresearch are to know the effect of anthelmintic from infusion Ketepeng Chinese leaf (Cassia alata L.)toward Roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides) and to know the effectiveness of infusion KetepengChinese leaf (Cassia alata L.) to get the anthelmintic effect toward Roundworms (Ascarislumbricoides). This research, used experiment method in order to know the anthelmintic effectinfusion Ketepeng Chinese leaf (Cassia alata L.) by 20%, 40% and 80% concentration in comparisonwith pirantel pamoate solution (combantrin®) as a positive control and NaCl solution 0,9% asnegative control. The result of the research can showed that infusion Ketepeng Chinese leaf (Cassiaalata L.) by 20%, 40% and 80% concentration is proved to gave anthelmintic effect towardRoundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides) which get paralysis after 24 hours observation. Effective valuefrom infusion Ketepeng Chinese leaf (Cassia alata L.) which gives anthelmintic effect toward2Roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides) is in 20% concentration. This concentration shows thatRoundworms gets paralysis, which is at 12th up to 18th hour, after being given treatment the wormsmovement is getting low and becoming slow and at the 24th hour Roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides)gets paralysis, but it take much longer times than the concentration of 80% that have shownanthelmintic effects at the 12th hour.Keyword : Infusion, Ketepeng Chinese Leaf (Cassia alata L.), Anthelmintic Effect.
ANALISIS ZAT HIDROQUINON PADA KRIM PEMUTIH WAJAH YANG BEREDAR DI KOTA MANADO Prabawati, I Dewa Ayu; Fatimawali, Fatimawali; Yudistira, Adithya
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.444

Abstract

Cosmetic whitening is a cosmetic that contains the active ingredient intended to bleach and brightenthe skin or whiten the skin. Hydroquinone is used in bleaching creams but is prohibited because it cancause skin irritation, skin redness and burning, and can also cause abnormalities in the kidneys, bloodcell cancer, and liver cancer. The purpose of this study is to prove the presence or absencehydroquinone content in various brands of whitening creams circulating in the city of Manado. Bleachcream samples studied were sample A, sample B, sample C, and sample D. The content ofhydroquinone was observed using the method of thin layer chromatography and UVspectrophotometer. The results showed that the four samples, namely Kelly, Quina, Fair Check, andOriens, the hydroquinone was not identified, either using thin layer chromatography or UVspectrophotometer. Thus it is certain that the four facial bleaching cream products are free fromhydroquinone.Key words : Hydroquinone, Cosmetic whitening, Layer Chromatography (TLC),UV spectrophotometer
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BATANG RAMBUTAN (Nephelium lappaceum L.) TERHADAP JAMUR Candida Albicans SECARA IN VITRO Pangalinan, Frendsiane; Kojong, Novel; Yamlean, Paulina
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.439

Abstract

Fungal infections are often found in people in tropical countries including Indonesia because theclimate is hot and humid making it easier for mold growth. Empirically Rambutan bark(Nepheliumlappaceum L.) used to treat ulcers caused by the fungus Candida albicans. Theexperimentwasaimed to know the antifungal activity of ethanol extract of Rambutan bark againstCandida albicans and the effect of increasing concentrations of the Rambutan bark ethanol extract tothe antifungal activity. Rambutan bark ethanol extract obtained from the maceration process insamples of wet and dry samples are prepared with concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40% and 80%.Antifungal activity test was done by difussion method of well treatment to know the antifungaleffectiveness by observing the inhibition zone. The resultof the experiment that effective Rambutanbark is used to inhibit the antifungal activity against Candida albicans. One way ANOVA test showedthat there were significant differences in inhibition zone diameters and followed by Duncan test with aconfidence level of 5% showed the highest inhibition zone diameters at a concentration of 80% andketoconazole(+)control.Key words: Antifungals, Nepheliumlappaceum L., difussion method, Candida albicans
EFEK ANTIHIPERGLIKEMIA DARI EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI SUKROSA Manurung, Sondang; Barung, Elisabeth; Bodhi, Widhi
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.447

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effects of pericarp extracts of mangosteen antihiperglikemia inwistar strain male mice induced sucrose and compare its effectiveness with glibenclamide. Themethod used is a laboratory experiment using a Completely Randomized Design. Subjects in the formof 15 male white rats tail with weight ranging from 100g-210g are divided into 3 groups of eachgroup as much as 5 tails. The treatment begins with administration of sucrose solution is adjusted tothe weight of each rat. On the second day evening, the test animals fasted for twelve hours, and thethird day in the morning followed by blood glucose level measured sucrose solution, after thirtyminutes of administration of sucrose solution was measured blood glucose level, the first group weregiven distilled water, the second group were given mangosteen rind extract 20%, The third group wasgiven glibenclamide and 0.3030 mg/g weight had made suspension in 1% CMC solution is thenmeasured blood sugar test animals one, two, three, and four hours. Data were analyzed with spssver.17, the real difference between treatments was tested by one way ANOVA. The results ofstatistical analysis gave a significant difference p-value=0.00 (p <0.05) in which the extract cansuppress the KBM 20% increase in KGD in mice and provide similar effectiveness withglibenclamide.Key Word : Garcinia mangostana L., Rattus norvegicus L., Sucrose, CMC
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA FLAVANOID PADA DAUN ADAM HAWA (Rhoe discolor) Sitorus, Risma Meidy Hardina; Wullur, Adeanne; Yamlean, Paulina
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.446

Abstract

One of the plants can be used as a drug crop is Adam Hawa (Rhoe discolor) are thought to containflavanoid compounds, it is seen from the purple on the leaf. This study aims to determine the presenceor absence of flavonoids and other types of flavanoid compounds are contained in the leaf AdamHawa (Rhoe discolor). Isolation of flavonoids is done by maceration. Flavanoid compoundidentification is done by preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (KLTP) using the eluent n-butanol:acetic acid: water (BAA) with a ratio of 4:1:5. Identification of flavanoid compounds made with UVVisspectrophotometer. The results showed the leaf extract of Adam Hawa (Rhoe discolor) containsflavanoid compounds. Seen from the results of preparative thin layer chromatography to yield threespots with Rf value of 0.09; 0.36, and 0.71. Based on the analysis of UV-Vis spectrophotometer, threeisolates with Rf value of 0.71 has a maximum wavelength of 275 nm.Keyword : Adam Eve leaf (Rhoe discolor), Flavanoid, Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography(KLTP), UV-Vis spectrophotometer.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTITUBERKULOSIS PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP BLU RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE JANUARI – DESEMBER 2010 Simamora, Vethreeany; Tjitrosantoso, Heedy; Wiyono, Weny
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.442

Abstract

This study aims to examine the patterns of the use of antituberculosis drugs (OAT) and to evaluate thesuitability of the use of OAT based on the Guidelines for Tuberculosis Control 2009 by Ministry ofHealth RI, in hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. KandouManado period January to December 2010. This study is a descriptive survey research and datacollection carried out retrospectively. Data was analyzed with descriptive analysis. The resultsshowed patients with category 1 of an intensive phase is given the alloy HRZE or 4FDC andcontinoum phase patients is given the alloy HR. Category 2 patients, the 2-month intensive phase isgiven the alloy HRZES and for category 2 patients at 1-month intensive phase is given the alloyHRZE. A total of 97.7% of patients prescribed a single drug dosage OAT (generic) and 2.3% ofpatients prescribed OAT FDC. Based on the suitability of the selection of alloys OAT, for thetreatment of category 1 have met the suitability of 94.7% and category 2 is 66.7%, compliance withthe standards of the Guidelines for Tuberculosis Control 2009 by Ministry of Health RI.Keywords: OAT, pulmonary tuberculosis, hospitalized patients
KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP BLU RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE JANUARI-DESEMBER 2010 Ansa, Dian; Goenawi, Lily; Tjitrosantoso, Heedy
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.441

Abstract

Hypertension in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM type 2) improve microvascular andmacrovascular complications. Control of blood pressure can reduce the risk of complication andmortality. The aims of the study was to assess antihypertensive in patients with type 2 diabetes atBLU. RSUP. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado, from January to December 2010. This study was aretrospective descriptive study. The data was collected by purposive at the installation of medicalrecords BLU. RSUP. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado, from October to December 2011, and a total of41 diabetic patients involve in this study. The findings of ths study showed that the majority patientstype 2 diabetes in the age range between 45 to 64 years (70,73%). Patterns of antihypertensivetherapy consists of monotherapy (53,66%) and combination (46,34%). In the monotherapy, which isoften used Angiotensin Converting Inhibitors (ACE-I) (31,82%), Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB)(27,27%), and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) (22,73%). For the combination therapy group,which is often used combination of ACE-I and CCB, ARB and CCB each one(21,05%), andcombination ACE-I and ARB (15,83%).Key words: hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension treatment.

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